Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GII Exam 1 [Path, Pharm, Immuno, CLMD] > [Pharm] Antacids and Anti-Ulcer Drugs (Segars) > Flashcards

[Pharm] Antacids and Anti-Ulcer Drugs (Segars) Flashcards

1
Q

Antacids are used only for?

A

Short-term and temporary relief of MILD pain and symptoms associated with PUD/GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two categories of antacids?

A

Low-systemic agents

High-systemic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the low-systemic agents?

A

Aluminum salts

Calcium salts

Magnesium salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the high-systemic agent?

A

Sodium salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the major supplemental agent?

A

Simethicone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where within the GI tract to antacids act?

A

Within the gastric luman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of antacids?

A

Combine chemically with hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F

Antacids reduce acid secretion and production

A

FALSE!!!!

Antacids DON’T reduce secretion or production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two rapid onset, long DOA antacid compounds?

A

Calcium

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mechanism of simethicone?

A

A surfactant that decreases surface tension

Aids in expulsion of gas

*It decreases my tension to play SIMs (simethicone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the side effects of ALUMINUM?

A

Constipation

Hypophosphatemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the side effects of MAGNESIUM?

A

Diarrhea

Hypermagnesemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the side effects of CALCIUM?

A

Constipation

Hypercalcemia

Hypophosphatemia

Calcium-based kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the side effects of sodium?

A

Gas/Flatulence

Hypernatremia

Metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the factors you should consider when choosing the appropriate antacid?

A
  • Dosage form & palatable
  • Presence of renal or heart disease
  • Electrolyte status
  • Diseases associated w/ diarrhea and constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the big advice for drug interactions with antacids?

A

AVOID antacid + medication co-administration at the same time

Take all antacids 1-2 hours BEFORE other medications OR 2-4 hours AFTER other medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 5 classes of anti-ulcer agents?

A

H2 Receptor Antagonists

Proton pump inhibitors

Surface Acting Agents

PGE1 Analogs

Bismuth Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the suffix associated with H2 receptor antagonists?

A

-tidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 H2 Receptor Antagonists?

A

Cimetidine

Famotidine

Nizatidine

Ranitidine

20
Q

What is the suffix associated with Proton Pump Inhibitors?

A

-prazole

21
Q

What are the (6) proton pump inhibitors?

A

Lansoprazole

Dexlansoprazole

Omeprazole

Esomeprazole

Pantoprazole

Rabeprazole

22
Q

What is the (1) Surface acting agent?

A

Sucralfate

23
Q

What is the (1) PGE1 Analog?

A

Misoprostol

24
Q

What is the (1) bismuth compound?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

25
Q

What are the side effects of H2 blockers?

A

(Relatively mild, transient and infrequent)

  • Primarily GI related (Nausea/Diarrhea/Constipation)
  • Headache
26
Q

What was the FIRST H2 blocker to be released?

What was the problem with it?

A

Cimetidine

TONS of drug-drug interactions; CYP450 inhibitor

27
Q

What is a relative contraindication for H2 Blockers?

A

Pregnancy

28
Q

What are the side effects of PPIs?

A

(mostly mild and infrequent)

  • Diarrhea/Dyspepsia/Nausea
  • CDAD (Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea)
  • Headache
29
Q

What was the first PPI put on the market?

What’s the problem with it?

A

Omeprazole

MANY drug-drug interactions w/ inhibition of CYP450

30
Q

Whta is the best PPI to use in pregnancy?

A

Lansoprazole

“Baby fetus LANce likes lansoprazole during pregnancy”

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sucralfate?

A

Cross-linking from interaction with stomach acid

Creates a viscous, sticky polymer which adheres to epithelial cells around ulcer’s crater

(***Acts like internal bandaid)

32
Q

Does sucralfate affect pH?

A

NO!!!

33
Q

What is the major side effect of Sucralfate?

A

Constipation (Al(OH)3)

34
Q

What are the relative contraindications of Sucralfate?

A

Severe renal failure

Aluminum containing antacids should be avoided

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of misoprostol?

A

Prostaglandin E1 analog

Provides protective prostaglandin to gastric mucosa and reduces gastric acid release from parietal cell

36
Q

What is important to note about the dual action of misoprostol?

A

EP3 receptors are on both the parietal cell and superficial epithelial cell

37
Q

What is a unique indication of misoprostol?

A

Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulceration in patients at high risk of ulcerations and complications

38
Q

What are the side effects of Misoprostol?

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache/dizziness
39
Q

What do you use to treat H. pylori?

A

Bismuth

Antibiotics

40
Q

What are the side effects of bismuth compounds?

A

Constipation

Black/dark stools

*Bismuth = Black dark stools

41
Q

What are the drug interactions of Bismuth?

A

TONS!!!

Follow the same protocol. Don’t take at the same time as other drugs

42
Q

What are absolute contraindications of Bismuth?

A

GI Bleeding

Salicylate hypersensitivity

43
Q

How do you treat H.pylori?

A

COMBINATION THERAPY IS A MUST

MUST be on at least 2 ANTIBIOTICS

Treat for 10-14 days

44
Q

What are the go-to drugs used to treat H.pylori?

Explain the combination of drugs you’d pick

A

PPI

Clarithromycin

Amoxicillin OR Metronidazole

45
Q
A

GII Exam 1 [Path, Pharm, Immuno, CLMD] (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions