Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GII Exam 1 [Path, Pharm, Immuno, CLMD] > [DSA Week 1] Atypical Chest Pain, Dysphagia, Odynophagia (McGowan) > Flashcards

[DSA Week 1] Atypical Chest Pain, Dysphagia, Odynophagia (McGowan) Flashcards

1
Q

Define:

Dysphagia

Odynophagia

A

Dysphagia = Difficulty swallowing

Odynophagia = Painful swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is atypical chest pain?

A

Chest pain that is not agina

(30% of chest pain pts have an esophageal source)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Can a history and physical distinguish GI from CV cause?

A

NO!!!

History and physical can NOT distinguish GI from CV cause of chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When a pt. presents with chest pain, what must you exclude FIRST?

A

Must exclude Cardiac or Life-threatening causes first

Eg: MI, Aortic dissection, Pulmonary embolus/Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference b/w iatrogenic and spontaneous esophageal perforation?

A

Iatrogenic = Related to trauma (NG tube placement or endoscopy)

Spontaneous = Forceful retching/vomiting, hx of alcohol use, Boerhaave’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the special kind of contrast used with a CT Chest w/ contrast?

A

Gastrografin

(water-soluble)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you identify subcutaneous (SubQ) emphysema on CXR?

A

Observe the air pockets outside of the mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Etiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Where do they occur most commonly?

A

Duodenal bulb (duodenal ulcer, DU)

Stomach (gastric ulcer, GU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are typical physical exam findings for a pt. with PUD?

A

Description of epigastric pain as: “Gnawing, dull, aching or hunger-like”

Signs of Gastrointestinal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are signs of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB)?

A

“Coffee ground” emesis

Hematemesis

Melena

Hematochezia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What must you do if you detect H.Pylori?

A

MUST STOP PPI for 14 days before fecal and breath tests due to risk of false negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define:

Nutcracker esophagus

A

Hypertensive peristalsis

Swallowing contractions are too powerful

Greater amplitude and duration but normal coordinated contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define:

Diffuse esophageal spasm

A

Multiple spastic contractions of the circular muscle in the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are hallmark characteristics of diffuse esophageal spasm?

A

“Corkscrew esophagus”

“Rosary bead esophagus”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference b/w nutcracker esophagus and diffuse esophageal spasm in their LES function?

A

Nutcracker = relaxes normally, but has elevated pressure at baseline

Diffuse esophageal spasm = LES function is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the major shared symptoms of both nutcracker esophagus and diffuse esophageal spasm?

A

Dysphagia to solids and liquids

Atypical chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the major complication associated with GERD that is a precursor to adenocarcinoma?

A

Barrett’s esophagus

18
Q

What are the alarm symptoms associated with GERD?

A

Unexplained weight loss

Persistent vomiting

Palpable mass

Hematemesis

Melena

Anemia

Occult bleeding

19
Q

If you find any GERD alarm symptoms associated with your patient, what do you do next?

A

Perform a esophagogastroducodenoscopy (EGD) to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

20
Q

What are examples of lifestyle modifications w/ GERD?

A
  • Decrease ETOH and caffeine
  • Small low fat meals
  • Bed at incline
  • Assess psychosocial situation
  • PPI
21
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

Stomach enters the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

22
Q

What is a paraesophageal hernia?

A

Herniation of the stomach PLUS the cardia into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

23
Q

What is a red flag presentation that your patient has an inability to swallow?

A

Hypersalivation, drooling, froathing, foaming at the mouth

24
Q

What is globus pharyngeus?

A

Sensation of a lump lodged in the throat

Swallowing is unaffected

25
Q

What is oropharyngeal dysphagia?

A

Difficulty initiating swallowing

26
Q

Where does food typically get stuck with oropharyngeal dysphagia?

A

Level of suprasternal notch

27
Q

What are these images showing?

A

Esophageal webs

28
Q

What are the major associations YOU need to make with plummer-vinson syndrome?

A

Angular chelitis

Glossitis

Iron-deficiency anemia

Esophageal webs

Spoon nails

29
Q

What is the image showing?

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

30
Q

What are the symptoms associated with zenker’s diverticulum?

A

Halitosis

Spontaneous regurgitation

Nocturnal choking

Protrusion in neck

31
Q

How would you diagnose zenker’s diverticulum?

A

Video esophagography

or

Barium swallow

32
Q

What aer the GI related symptoms of sjogrens?

A

Oropharyngeal dysphagia

Dental caries

Increased incidence of candida

33
Q

What are the GI hallmarks associated with scleroderma?

A

Atrophy of the esophageal smooth muscle

FIBROSIS of the skin and visceral organs –> aperistaltic esophagus

34
Q

As esophageal strictures progresses, they tend to…

A

LESSEN/IMPROVE

*Super weird, because the stricture acts as a barrier to refulx

35
Q

Define:

Barrett Esophagus

A

Specialized intestinal columnar metaplasia

replaces the normal squamous mucosa of the distal esophagus

36
Q

What does “steakhouse syndrome” refer to?

A

Esophageal ring (Schatzki)

37
Q

What are the primary causes of acalasia?

Secondary?

A

Primary = Loss of ganglion cells within esophageal myenteric plexus

Secondary = Chagas’ disease

38
Q

What is the…not silver, not bronze…but GOLD standard for diagnosing achalasia?

A

Esophageal MANOMETRY

39
Q

What are the 4 major causes of esophagitis?

A

Pill

Infectious

Eosinophilic

Caustic

40
Q

What is included in a typical hx. for a pt. with eosinophilic esophagitis?

A

Atopic

41
Q

On EGD, what does eosinophilic esophagitis look like?

A

“Feline esophagus”

“Tracheal esophagus”

42
Q
A

GII Exam 1 [Path, Pharm, Immuno, CLMD] (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions