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Semester 2 > Pharm - ANS > Flashcards

Pharm - ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What does ANS play a role in

A

regulation of BP and CV function, bronchoconstriction/dilation

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2
Q

which NS has effect on most vascular SM

A

sympathetic (not PNS)

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3
Q

ANS effects on eye

A

PNS - constriction of pupil, focusing of lens
SNS - dilation of pupil

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4
Q

ANS effects on glands

A

PNS- increase secretion (salivation, lacrimation)
SNS- increases secretion of sweat glands (get rid of heat)

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5
Q

effects of ANS on heart

A

PNS - decreased HR (negative chronotropic), decreased force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreased conduction through AV node (dromotropic effect)
SNS - opposite

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6
Q

effect of ANS on blood vessels

A

SNS-vasoconstriction

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7
Q

effect of ANS on gut

A

SNS - inhibition
PNS - stimulation: motility, opening schinnters, increased grandular secretion

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8
Q

effect of ANS on airway

A

PNS - bronchoconstriction
SNS - bronchodilation

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9
Q

ganglia

A

group of cells bodies outside CNS

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10
Q

location of neurons

A

PNS - craniosacral
SNS - thoracolumbar

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11
Q

ganglia differences in SNS and PNS

A

SNS - close to spinal cord
PNS - near or in end organ

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12
Q

autonomic tone allows for

A

broader range of control nerve activity can be either increased or decreased

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13
Q

PNS vs SNS fiber length

A

PNS - long pregang, short postgang
SNS - short pregang, long postgang

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14
Q

mimmetic

A

mimicking the action of

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15
Q

lytic

A

blocking the action of

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16
Q

pharamcology of mechanisms involving ach and receptors

A

cholinergic

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17
Q

pharamcology of sympathetic mechanisms involving norepi and epi

A

adrenergic pharmacology

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18
Q

primary transmitter of all pregang neurons

A

acetylcholine

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19
Q

transmitter in all PSN postgang neurons

A

ach

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20
Q

transmitter in most SNS postgang neuonrs

A

norepinephrine

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21
Q

postgang neurotransmitter in sweat glands

A

Ach

22
Q

postgang neurotransmitter in adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine

23
Q

postgang neurotransmitter in renal vasculature

A

dopamine

24
Q

cholinoceptors

A

ach receptors
nicotinic and muscarinic

25
Q

adrenoceptors

A

norepinephrine receptors
alpha and beta

26
Q

what eye muscle is constricted by the activation of the SNS

A

radial muscle

27
Q

what eye muscle is constricted by the activation of the PNS

A

circular muscle

28
Q

miosis

A

pupillary constriction

29
Q

mydriasis

A

pupillary dilation

30
Q

what can cause miosis

A

Cholinergics
Opiates
Phenothiazines (antipsychotics)
Sedative - hypnotics

31
Q

what can cause mydriasis

A

Sympathomimetics
Anticholinergics
Withdrawal

32
Q

how do the ANS systems work together to decrease intraocular pressure - Cillary muscle

A

Cillary muscle (Ach-M agonist) - contraction opens trabecular meshwork and facilitates outflow of aqueous humor

33
Q

how do the ANS systems work together to decrease intraocular pressure - Cillary body

A

NE - alpha Agonist - inhibits secretion and increase outflow of aqueous humor

34
Q

how do the ANS systems work together to decrease intraocular pressure - Cillary epithelium

A

Block with NE-Beta Antagonist- blocks secretion of aqueous humor

35
Q

how do the ANS systems work together to decrease intraocular pressure - prostaglandins

A

increase outflow of aqueous humor

36
Q

SNS effect on blood vessels

A

usually vasoconstriction

37
Q

SNS activation on heart

A

+ chronotropic ( HR), + inotropic (force of contraction), + dromotropic (faster conduction through AV node)

38
Q

what are causes of ED

A

hormonal abnormalities, medications, psychological problems, neurologic disease, vascular insufficiency

39
Q

release of what plays a central role in erectile function

A

nitric oxide (NO)

40
Q

What is nitric oxide

A

gaseous neurotransmitter synthesized and immeditely diffuses, easily crossing membranes to enter neurons or other types of cells and alter signaling pathways

41
Q

what happens to autonomic responses in presence of adrenergic or cholinergic antagonism

A

undiminished

42
Q

where is NO produced

A

in endothelial cells by Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)

43
Q

where is the location of adenosine or purinergic transmission

A

GI tract, GU tract, certain blood vessels to induce vasodilation

44
Q

drugs that reduce BP can cause

A

reflex tachycardia

45
Q

drugs that increase BP can cause

A

reflex bradycardia

46
Q

what does a drop in BP cause

A

sensed by baroreceptors, activates SNS pregang neuron in medullary control center, inhibits PNS pregang neuron in medullary control center

47
Q

BP =

A

Peripheral Resistance (vasoconstriction/dilation) x CO (HR)

48
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) clinical use

A

first-line therapy for ED, PAH

49
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) action

A

PDE-5 inhibitors leading to increased intracavernosal cGMP, SM relaxation, vasodilation, and erection

50
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) problems

A

contraindicated with nitrates because combination can lead to severe hypertension and sycope
visual disturbances due to weak inhibition of PDE-6 (involved in photoreceptor signal transduction)

51
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) catuion

A

alpha adrenergic antagonists (can cause sym hypotension)
CYP3A4 inhibitors can pro-long half life and reduce effectiveness

Semester 2 (6 decks)

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