Pharm - ANS

Question 1

What does ANS play a role in

Answer 1

regulation of BP and CV function, bronchoconstriction/dilation

Question 2

which NS has effect on most vascular SM

Answer 2

sympathetic (not PNS)

Question 3

ANS effects on eye

Answer 3

PNS - constriction of pupil, focusing of lens
SNS - dilation of pupil

Question 4

ANS effects on glands

Answer 4

PNS- increase secretion (salivation, lacrimation)
SNS- increases secretion of sweat glands (get rid of heat)

Question 5

effects of ANS on heart

Answer 5

PNS - decreased HR (negative chronotropic), decreased force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreased conduction through AV node (dromotropic effect)
SNS - opposite

Question 6

effect of ANS on blood vessels

Answer 6

SNS-vasoconstriction

Question 7

effect of ANS on gut

Answer 7

SNS - inhibition
PNS - stimulation: motility, opening schinnters, increased grandular secretion

Question 8

effect of ANS on airway

Answer 8

PNS - bronchoconstriction
SNS - bronchodilation

Question 9

ganglia

Answer 9

group of cells bodies outside CNS

Question 10

location of neurons

Answer 10

PNS - craniosacral
SNS - thoracolumbar

Question 11

ganglia differences in SNS and PNS

Answer 11

SNS - close to spinal cord
PNS - near or in end organ

Question 12

autonomic tone allows for

Answer 12

broader range of control nerve activity can be either increased or decreased

Question 13

PNS vs SNS fiber length

Answer 13

PNS - long pregang, short postgang
SNS - short pregang, long postgang

Question 14

mimmetic

Answer 14

mimicking the action of

Question 15

lytic

Answer 15

blocking the action of

Question 16

pharamcology of mechanisms involving ach and receptors

Answer 16

cholinergic

Question 17

pharamcology of sympathetic mechanisms involving norepi and epi

Answer 17

adrenergic pharmacology

Question 18

primary transmitter of all pregang neurons

Answer 18

acetylcholine

Question 19

transmitter in all PSN postgang neurons

Answer 19

ach

Question 20

transmitter in most SNS postgang neuonrs

Answer 20

norepinephrine

Question 21

postgang neurotransmitter in sweat glands

Answer 21

Ach

Question 22

postgang neurotransmitter in adrenal medulla

Answer 22

epinephrine

Question 23

postgang neurotransmitter in renal vasculature

Answer 23

dopamine

Question 24

cholinoceptors

Answer 24

ach receptors
nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 25

adrenoceptors

Answer 25

norepinephrine receptors alpha and beta

Question 26

what eye muscle is constricted by the activation of the SNS

Answer 26

radial muscle

Question 27

what eye muscle is constricted by the activation of the PNS

Answer 27

circular muscle

Question 28

miosis

Answer 28

pupillary constriction

Question 29

mydriasis

Answer 29

pupillary dilation

Question 30

what can cause miosis

Answer 30

Cholinergics Opiates Phenothiazines (antipsychotics) Sedative - hypnotics

Question 31

what can cause mydriasis

Answer 31

Sympathomimetics Anticholinergics Withdrawal

Question 32

how do the ANS systems work together to decrease intraocular pressure - Cillary muscle

Answer 32

Cillary muscle (Ach-M agonist) - contraction opens trabecular meshwork and facilitates outflow of aqueous humor

Question 33

how do the ANS systems work together to decrease intraocular pressure - Cillary body

Answer 33

NE - alpha Agonist - inhibits secretion and increase outflow of aqueous humor

Question 34

how do the ANS systems work together to decrease intraocular pressure - Cillary epithelium

Answer 34

Block with NE-Beta Antagonist- blocks secretion of aqueous humor

Question 35

how do the ANS systems work together to decrease intraocular pressure - prostaglandins

Answer 35

increase outflow of aqueous humor

Question 36

SNS effect on blood vessels

Answer 36

usually vasoconstriction

Question 37

SNS activation on heart

Answer 37

+ chronotropic ( HR), + inotropic (force of contraction), + dromotropic (faster conduction through AV node)

Question 38

what are causes of ED

Answer 38

hormonal abnormalities, medications, psychological problems, neurologic disease, vascular insufficiency

Question 39

release of what plays a central role in erectile function

Answer 39

nitric oxide (NO)

Question 40

What is nitric oxide

Answer 40

gaseous neurotransmitter synthesized and immeditely diffuses, easily crossing membranes to enter neurons or other types of cells and alter signaling pathways

Question 41

what happens to autonomic responses in presence of adrenergic or cholinergic antagonism

Answer 41

undiminished

Question 42

where is NO produced

Answer 42

in endothelial cells by Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)

Question 43

where is the location of adenosine or purinergic transmission

Answer 43

GI tract, GU tract, certain blood vessels to induce vasodilation

Question 44

drugs that reduce BP can cause

Answer 44

reflex tachycardia

Question 45

drugs that increase BP can cause

Answer 45

reflex bradycardia

Question 46

what does a drop in BP cause

Answer 46

sensed by baroreceptors, activates SNS pregang neuron in medullary control center, inhibits PNS pregang neuron in medullary control center

Question 47

BP =

Answer 47

Peripheral Resistance (vasoconstriction/dilation) x CO (HR)

Question 48

Sildenafil (Viagra) clinical use

Answer 48

first-line therapy for ED, PAH

Question 49

Sildenafil (Viagra) action

Answer 49

PDE-5 inhibitors leading to increased intracavernosal cGMP, SM relaxation, vasodilation, and erection

Question 50

Sildenafil (Viagra) problems

Answer 50

contraindicated with nitrates because combination can lead to severe hypertension and sycope visual disturbances due to weak inhibition of PDE-6 (involved in photoreceptor signal transduction)

Question 51

Sildenafil (Viagra) catuion

Answer 51

alpha adrenergic antagonists (can cause sym hypotension) CYP3A4 inhibitors can pro-long half life and reduce effectiveness