Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 2 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic nerves release ____

A

NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alpha receptors cause

A

vasocontriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Beta receptors cause

A

B1 - increase HR and contractility
B2 - bronchial dilation, dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles, calorigenesis, and glycogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two types of ach receptors

A

Nicotinic and muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nicotinic receptors

A

NMJ, synapses between pre&post gang neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscarinic receptors found on

A

all effector cells stimulated by postgang parasymp fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symp effects on eye

A

dilate pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Para effects on eye

A

constrict pupils and accommodation (focus) the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parasymp effects on gland

A

stimulates nasal, lacrimal, salivary, and GI glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sympath effect on glands

A

stimulates sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parasym effects on GI tract

A

stimulates overall activity including GI smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symp effect on heart

A

increase rate and contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood vessels - symp effect

A

vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood vessels - para effect

A

some targeted vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Key role of adrenal medulla

A

translation point between endocrine and nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does adrenal medulla release

A

epinephrine (80) and norepinephrine (20)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why does adrenal medulla release have prolonged activity?

A

released into blood, not discrete neural signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

“tone” of ANS

A

basal rate of activity of each system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the “tone” allow for

A

increase or decrease in activity by single system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does symp tone cause

A

50% vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mass sympathetic discharge

A

increase in arterial pressure, heart rate & contractility, blood flow to muscles, blood glucose, metabolic rate, muscle, mental activity, blood coagulation

22
Q

albuterol has effects at

A

beta2 receptors

23
Q

indirect sympathomimetics

A

ephedrine, tyramine, amphetamine

24
Q

what drug stimulates alpha receptors

A

phenylephrine

25
Q

what drugs block alpha receptors

A

Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine (HTN and pheocytochroma)

26
Q

Mixed beta blocker

A

propanolol

27
Q

beta 1 blocker

A

metoprolol

28
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors

A

potentiate the effect of ach

29
Q

what do beta blocker do

A

beta 1

30
Q

what do alpha blockers do

A
31
Q

antimuscarinic drugs

A

block effect of ach on effector cells

32
Q

CBF artery components

A

internal carotid, vertebral artery, Circle of Willis

33
Q

whats the first consumer of glucose

A

brain

34
Q

how can CBF be measured

A

MRI and PET

35
Q

how is CBF controlled

A

gas levels (Co2, O2) and H+ levels and substances from astrocytes

36
Q

what does the brain use for energy

A

ONLY glucose (get through BBB)

37
Q

glucose levels in the brain are not ___ dependent

A

insulin

38
Q

Diabetic low blood glucose leads to

A

coma

39
Q

what effects blood flow

A

light

40
Q

increased neuronal activity leads to ____

A

increased blood flow

41
Q

what do H+ cause

A

vasodilation

42
Q

increased H+ in brain leads to

A

increased blood flow, decreased neuronal activity

43
Q

increased nervous activity __> spillover of glutamate in astrocytes –> calcium wave –> vasodilatory prostaglandins –> dilate –> more blood

A
44
Q

lost sensitivity of cerebral blood flow with HTN, slightly increase No problem, potentiate the problems

A
45
Q

flow of CSF

A

lateral ventricles - third ventricle - aqueduct of sylvius - fourth ventricle - foramen of magendie - cisterna magna - subarachnoid space - arachnoidal villa

46
Q

what is the mechanism

A

active transport of Na+ by epithelial cells; Cl- follows Na+, immediate osmosis of water

47
Q

difference between plasma and CSF

A

none of plasma problems, half of glucose and K+

48
Q

functions of CSF

A

small reserve for increasing/decreasing pressure of brain; cushioning

49
Q

two types of stroke

A

ischemic - interruption of blood supply
Hemorrhagic - rupture of blood vessels

50
Q

causes of ischemic stroke

A

thrombosis (Local clot) embolism, systemic hypotension (shock), venous thrombosis (dural venous sinuses)

51
Q

BBB is located in

A

capillary endothelial cells

52
Q

what can damage to BBB be caused by

A

hypoxia, systemic inflammation, harmful bacteria (secrete cytotoxins)

Semester 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions