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Semester 2 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic nerves release ____

A

NE

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2
Q

Alpha receptors cause

A

vasocontriction

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3
Q

Beta receptors cause

A

B1 - increase HR and contractility
B2 - bronchial dilation, dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles, calorigenesis, and glycogenesis

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4
Q

Two types of ach receptors

A

Nicotinic and muscarinic

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5
Q

Nicotinic receptors

A

NMJ, synapses between pre&post gang neurons

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6
Q

Muscarinic receptors found on

A

all effector cells stimulated by postgang parasymp fibers

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7
Q

Symp effects on eye

A

dilate pupils

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8
Q

Para effects on eye

A

constrict pupils and accommodation (focus) the lens

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9
Q

Parasymp effects on gland

A

stimulates nasal, lacrimal, salivary, and GI glands

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10
Q

Sympath effect on glands

A

stimulates sweat glands

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11
Q

Parasym effects on GI tract

A

stimulates overall activity including GI smooth muscle

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12
Q

Symp effect on heart

A

increase rate and contractility

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13
Q

Blood vessels - symp effect

A

vasoconstriction

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14
Q

Blood vessels - para effect

A

some targeted vasodilation

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15
Q

Key role of adrenal medulla

A

translation point between endocrine and nervous system

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16
Q

What does adrenal medulla release

A

epinephrine (80) and norepinephrine (20)

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17
Q

why does adrenal medulla release have prolonged activity?

A

released into blood, not discrete neural signals

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18
Q

“tone” of ANS

A

basal rate of activity of each system

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19
Q

what does the “tone” allow for

A

increase or decrease in activity by single system

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20
Q

what does symp tone cause

A

50% vasoconstriction

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21
Q

mass sympathetic discharge

A

increase in arterial pressure, heart rate & contractility, blood flow to muscles, blood glucose, metabolic rate, muscle, mental activity, blood coagulation

22
Q

albuterol has effects at

A

beta2 receptors

23
Q

indirect sympathomimetics

A

ephedrine, tyramine, amphetamine

24
Q

what drug stimulates alpha receptors

A

phenylephrine

25
what drugs block alpha receptors
Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine (HTN and pheocytochroma)
26
Mixed beta blocker
propanolol
27
beta 1 blocker
metoprolol
28
Cholinesterase inhibitors
potentiate the effect of ach
29
what do beta blocker do
beta 1
30
what do alpha blockers do
31
antimuscarinic drugs
block effect of ach on effector cells
32
CBF artery components
internal carotid, vertebral artery, Circle of Willis
33
whats the first consumer of glucose
brain
34
how can CBF be measured
MRI and PET
35
how is CBF controlled
gas levels (Co2, O2) and H+ levels and substances from astrocytes
36
what does the brain use for energy
ONLY glucose (get through BBB)
37
glucose levels in the brain are not ___ dependent
insulin
38
Diabetic low blood glucose leads to
coma
39
what effects blood flow
light
40
increased neuronal activity leads to ____
increased blood flow
41
what do H+ cause
vasodilation
42
increased H+ in brain leads to
increased blood flow, decreased neuronal activity
43
increased nervous activity __> spillover of glutamate in astrocytes --> calcium wave --> vasodilatory prostaglandins --> dilate --> more blood
44
lost sensitivity of cerebral blood flow with HTN, slightly increase No problem, potentiate the problems
45
flow of CSF
lateral ventricles - third ventricle - aqueduct of sylvius - fourth ventricle - foramen of magendie - cisterna magna - subarachnoid space - arachnoidal villa
46
what is the mechanism
active transport of Na+ by epithelial cells; Cl- follows Na+, immediate osmosis of water
47
difference between plasma and CSF
none of plasma problems, half of glucose and K+
48
functions of CSF
small reserve for increasing/decreasing pressure of brain; cushioning
49
two types of stroke
ischemic - interruption of blood supply Hemorrhagic - rupture of blood vessels
50
causes of ischemic stroke
thrombosis (Local clot) embolism, systemic hypotension (shock), venous thrombosis (dural venous sinuses)
51
BBB is located in
capillary endothelial cells
52
what can damage to BBB be caused by
hypoxia, systemic inflammation, harmful bacteria (secrete cytotoxins)

Semester 2 (6 decks)

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