Pharm

Question 1

Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in medical schools?
A. Changes in Medicare reimbursement methods recommended in 1992
B. Competition from non-physicians desiring to meet primary care shortages
C. The need for monopolistic control in the marketplace of primary outpatient care
D. The recognition that non-physicians have variable success providing primary care

Answer 1

A
The physician payment review commission in 1992 directly increased financial reimbursement to clinicians who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of primary care providers, this incentive lead medical schools to pay greater of this is on preparing primary care physicians. Competition from non-physicians increased coincidentally as professionals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs. Non-physicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have been shown to be safe and effective.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians?
A. Older physicians tend to prescribe more appropriate medications than younger physicians
B. Antibiotic medications remain in the top five classifications of medications prescribed
C. Most physicians rely on a therapeutic armamemtarium that consist of less than 100 drug preparations per physician
D. The dominant form of drug information used by primary care physicians continues to be that provided by pharmaceutical companies

Answer 2

D
Even though most physicians claim to piece little weight on drug advertisements, pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on academic sources for drug information, a study showed that commercial rather than scientific sources of drug information dominated the drug information materials. Younger physicians tend to prescribe if you were in more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics have dropped out of the top five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians have a therapeutic armamemtarium of about 144 drugs

Question 3

As primary care nurse practitioners continue to develop their role as prescribers of medications, it will be important to
A. Attain the same level of expertise as physicians who currently prescribe medications
B. Learn from the experience is a physicians and develop expertise based on evidence-based practice
C. Maintain collaborative and supervisory relationship with physicians who will oversee prescribing practices
D. Develop relationships with pharmaceutical representatives to learn about new medications as they are developed

Answer 3

B
As non-physicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be important to learn from the past experiences of physicians and to develop prescribing practices based on evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that all prescribers, including physicians and nurse practitioners, will strive to do better that in the past. NPs should work towards prescribe prescriptive authority and for practice that is not supervised by another professional. Pharmaceutical representatives provide information that carry some bias. Academic sources are better.

Question 4

A primary care NP will begin prescribing any state in which the governor has opted out of the federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware it that this defined out in NPs write prescriptions
A. Without physician supervision in private practice
B. As CRNAs without physician supervision in a hospital setting
C. In any situation but will not be reimbursed for this by government insures
D. Only with physician supervision in both private practice in a hospital setting

Answer 4

B
In 2001, the centers for medicine and Medicaid services change the federal physician supervision role for CRNA do you allow state governors to opt out, allowing CRNA to write prescriptions and dispense drugs without physician supervision

Question 5

CRNA in most states
A. Must have drug enforcement administration DEA number to practice
B. Must have prescriptive authority to practice
C. Order and administer controlled substances but do not have full prescriptive authority
D.Administer medications, including controlled substances, under direct physician supervision

Answer 5

C
Only five states grant independent prescriptive authority to CRN a. CRNA do not require prescriptive authority because they dispense a drug immediately to a patient and do not prescribe. Without prescriptive authority, they do not need a DEA number