Assessment Flashcards
Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable? A. Intuitive B. Analytical C. Experimental D. Augenblick
B Croskerry(2009)Describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision making(similar to Augenblick decision making) it’s based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, healthcare providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D.Adept at reading into the patient statements
D
Do you obtain accurate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patients for both nonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
Essential parts of a health history include all the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of the patient assessment, not part of the health history.
Which of the following is false? Will perform in the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions in their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings
D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on providers experience
D. Publish meta-analysis
C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-analysis. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on the providers experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increase in expectation that clinical reasoning based on scientific evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
The following can be used to assist and sound clinical decision making
A. Algorithm published in a peer reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based research
D. All of the above
D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been developed to assist condition. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assisting clinical reasoning with properly applied.
If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. That low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above
A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who shown abnormal, or positive, result. a high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result.
If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage of individuals with the disorder will show an abnormal result
B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. The greater the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have a negative, or normal, results if they do not have the target condition.
A likelihood ratio above one indicates that a diagnostic test showing a
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target condition and a negative result will be associated with a healthy person. The likelihood ratio above one indicates that a positive result is associated with the disease; a likelihood ratio less than one indicates that a negative result is associated with the absence of the disease.
Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition and select situations, settings, and or patients? A. Clinical practice guidelines B. Clinical decision rule C. Clinical algorithm D. Clinical recommendation
B
Clinical decision or prediction rules provide another support for clinical reasoning. Medical decision rules are evidence-based resources that provide probabilistic statements regarding the likelihood that I condition exists a certain variables are met with regard to the prognosis of patients with specific findings. Decision Rosies mathematical models that are specific to certain situations, settings, and or a patient characteristics.
The first step in the genomic assessment of a patient is obtaining information regarding A. Family history B. Environmental exposures C. Lifestyle and behaviors D. Current medications
A
A critical first step at genomic assessment, including assessment of risk, is the use of family history. Family history is considered the first genetic screening and is a critical component of care because it reflects shared genetic susceptibilities, shared environment, and common behaviors.
And affected individual and that if his symptoms of a particular condition through my family with genetic disorder is ascertained is called a A. Consultand B. Consulband C. Index patient D. Proband
D
A pro band is defined as the affected individual who manifest symptoms of a particular condition through whom a family with a genetic disorder is ascertainted. The pro band is the effective individual that brings the family to medical attention.
An autosomal dominant disorder involves the A. X chromosome B. Y chromosome C. Mitochondrial DNA D. Non-sex chromosomes
D
Autosomal dominant AD inHeritance is the result of a gene mutation in one of the 22 autosomes
To illustrate a union between two second cousin family members in a pedigree, draw
A. Arrows pointing to the male and female
B. Brackets around the male and female
C. Double horizontal lines between the male and female
D. Circles around the male and female
C
A consanguineous Family is related by dissent from a common ancestry and is defined as a union between two individuals who are related as second cousins or closer. Consanguinity, if present in the family history, is portrayed using two horizontal lines to establish the relationship between the male and female partners.
