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PHARM/MHD - Exam #4 > Pharm#8 - Anti Hypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Pharm#8 - Anti Hypertensive Drugs Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Hydralazine
MOA
Indication

A

vasodilator

RESISTANT HYPERTENSION
- pregnancy induced hypertension

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2
Q

Chlorthalidone

moa
indication

A

thiazide diuretic

1st line drug in uncomplicated HTN

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3
Q

Furesomide

MOA Indication

A

loop diuretic

HTN in severe renal insufficiency

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4
Q

Spironolactone

MOA
Indication

Eplrenenone
-MOA, indication

A

aldosterone receptor antagonist

  • used in combo with other antihypertensives that deplete K+
  1. Aldosterone receptor blocker
    - combo tx. with diuretics to minimize K loss
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5
Q

Triamterene & amiloride

moa
indication

A
  • Enac inhibitors

- combo with diuretics to minimize K loss

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6
Q

Nifedipine

MOA
indication

A

Ca channel antagonist

1st line drug used in uncomplicated HTN

  • used in diabetes and hyperlipidemia
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7
Q

Diltiazem & Verapamil

MOA
indication

A

Ca channel antagonist

1st line in HTN

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8
Q

Clonidine & Guanfacine

MOA
indication

A

alpha 2 agonist

second line HTN

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9
Q

Methyldopa

MOA
indication

A

alpha 2 agonist

HTN in pregnancy

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10
Q

Reserpine

MOA
indication

A

depletes MOA from storage vesicles

resistant HTN

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11
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

MOA
indication

A

alpha blocker (non-selective)

tx for pheochromocytoma before surgery

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12
Q

Prazosin
MOA
indication

A

alpha blocker

2nd line for chronic HTN

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13
Q

Terazosin & Doxazosin

MOA
indication

A

(longer half life than prazosine = better)

alpha 1 blockers (selective)

2nd line for chronic HTN

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14
Q

propranolol

MOA
indication

A

non-selective B blocker

HTN with angina, MI, or arrhythmia
- do not use with asthmatics

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15
Q

Nadolol
MOA
indication

A

selective B blocker

  • long term angina, HTN
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16
Q

Pindolol

MOA
indication

A

partial B agonist

CHRONIC HTN

  • use for patients that are active or sensitive to bradycardia
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17
Q

Metoprolol

MOA
indication

A

B1 antagonist

HTN, long term angina tx

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18
Q

Atenolol

MOA
indication

A

B1 blocker

CHRONIC HTN
- angina, MI, arrhythmia, HF

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19
Q

Labetolol

MOA
indication

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A

mixed alpha beta antagonist

  • Chronic HTN
20
Q

Carvedilol

MOA
indication

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A

mixed alpha beta receptor antagonist and NO generator

  • Chronic HTN and CHF
21
Q

Hydralazine

MOA
indication

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A

vasodilator

resistant HTN, pregnancy induced HTN

22
Q

Minoxidil

MOA
indication

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A

vasodilator

resistant HTN

23
Q

Nitroprusside

MOA
indication

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A

vasodilator

acute hypertensive crisis

24
Q

Captopril

MOA
indication

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A

ACE inhibitor

1st line drug in chronic HTN
- used in HF, MI, and diabetes

25
Enalapril MOA indication
ACE inhibitor 1st line in chronic HTN, used in HF
26
Lisinipril MOA indication
ACE inhibitor 1st line in chronic HTN
27
Losartan MOA indication
Angiotensin receptor inhibitor 1st line drug in chronic HTN
28
What is defined as Stage 1 HTN? Systolic & diastolic Stage 2? Who are treated more vigorously for high BP, old or young?
140 -159 90-99 >160 or >100 - young treatment is initiated only at higher pressures in younger patients (
29
What drugs are contraindicated in pregnant patients?
ACE inhibitors! - as well as Angiotensin receptor inhibitors
30
How does hypokalemia occur with Thiazide use?
volume contraction with thiazide diuretics due to loss of Na (pulls water) which stimulates aldosterone & more Enac channels into the membrane -rebound Na reabsorption results in K+ leaving due to increased negative charge in lumen - also pulls H+ and results in metabolic alkalosis
31
Which drugs (loop or thiazide) should be used for patients with renal insufficiency?
LOOP - also do not give a new diuretic to a pregnant patient - loop diuretics are not THAT effective in a healthy patient, more effective for patients with RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
32
drug interactions for loop diuretics (2)
NSAIDS (loop, thiazide, K+) Aminoglycosides (increase ototoxicity)
33
Contraindication for K+ sparing drugs | spironolactone, eplrenone, triamterene, amiloride
RAS inhibitors (Ace inhibitors & angiotensin receptor inhibitors) ACE INHIBITORS EXCACERBATE HYPERKALEMIA!!
34
SE of nifedipine
acute tachycardia peripheral edema
35
SE of verapamil
bradycardia
36
Non-dihydropyridines are contraindicated in Pts with what? state the drugs (2)
- conduction disturbances - uncompensated HF (results in cariogenic shock) - diltiazem - verapamil Metabolized by liver, caution in patients with liver failure
37
Clonidine main SE? What should be used instead
Rebound HTN when withdraw use - Guanfacine has longer half life less chance of rebound
38
alpha 2 agonist that can be used in pregnancy
methyldopa - do not use in parkinson's patients on LDOPA since this results in inhibition of action
39
SE for alpha 2 agonists | clonidine, gunfacine, methyldopa
BUT MAIN SIDE EFFECT = SEDATION!!! for alpha 2 agonists
40
MOA of B-Blockers (3)
decreased cardiac contractility and CO, decreased renin secretion and thus decreased Angiotensin II production
41
What antihypertensive drugs increase TG's and reduce HDLS
B-Blockers B-blockers block B2 receptors so reduce blood flow to lower limbs which utilize a lot of TG  so there is thus an increase TG in plasma since less flow to the limbs with these drugs
42
Contraindication for BB
Cardiogenic Shock Sinus bradycardia Asthma Severe heart failure
43
Hydralazine & nitroprusside only used in ___
resistant HTN - can induce Lupus like autoimmune when taken for a long time! (resolves when drug is stopped
44
SE of ACEI
Problem of ACEI = dry cough related to increased bradykinin production!
45
Which ACEI: 1. short half life* (taken often), requires multiple daily doses, active metabolites 2.converted to active metabolite enalaprilat, longer onset of action, longer half-life, can dose 1-2x per day 3. ALLOWS ONCE daily dosing
CAPTOPRIL Enalapril -needs to be converted to active metabolite and thus unpredictable in his onset of action longer onset & longer half life Lisinopril
46
What drug mediates vasoconstriction & Na retention but is not associated with dry cough like ACEI?
LOSARTAN - angiotensin II receptor blocker

PHARM/MHD - Exam #4 (20 decks)

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