MHD- Lec #7 - Valvular and Neoplastic Heart Disease

Question 1

Aschoff bodies ( collecting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages - similar to granuloma) are a key finding in ______

The macrophages in the Aschoff bodies are called what?

Answer 1

ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER CARDITIS

Anitschkow cells

Question 2

Hw would one distinguish acute from chronic rheumatic fever carditis

Answer 2

presence of fibrosis on the valve structures = CHRONIC

• thickened & fused = fish mouth or buttonhole stenosis
• mostly mitral valve

Question 3

What tumors secrete bioactive products like serotonin, chalkier, bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandins?

Answer 3

CARCINOID tumors

• endocrine tumors in the GI tract & lung

Question 4

Carcinoid heart disease affects ____ side of the heart
and the valves develop what?

Pathogenesis?

Answer 4

RIGHT SIDE

• mucopolysaccharide matrix
• correlation between serotonin levels with the development of right sided heart disease

Question 5

CHronic rheumatic heart disease most commonly manifests itself as ____ stenosis

Answer 5

Mitral

Question 6

What is the physical exam finding of acute rheumatic fever carditis

Answer 6

pericardial friction rub

Question 7

Describe the components of the cardiac valves

1. spongiosa
2. fibrosa
3. ventricularis

Answer 7

1. spongiosa - loose collagen
2. fibrosa - DENSE CORE of collagen
3. ventricularis - dense connective tissue made of ELASTIN & COLLAGEN

Question 8

What are cardiac valves composed of on each side?

Answer 8

Composed of connective tissue layers covered by endothelium on each side;

3 layers

Question 9

Describe the nuclei & presence/absenece of striations for

1. cardiac myocytes
2. smooth muscle
3. skeletal muscle

Answer 9

1. cardiac - central nuclei with cross striations
2. smooth - central nuclei with NO cross striations
3. skeletal - PERIPHERAL nuclei w/ cross striations

Question 10

Which layer of the heart is thickest?

What component within this layer is responsible for ion transport/ communication?

Answer 10

Myocardium

Intercalated disks

Junctional complexes that contain fascia adherens, desmosomes, and gap junction to provide connection and communication.

Bind myocytes and allow ion exchange to facilitate electrical impulses to pass

Question 11

Which layer of the heart are the parking fibers located in?

Answer 11

SUBENDOCARDIAL layer of endocardium

• impulse conducting fibers

Question 12

What type of epithelium is the endocardium composed of?

What else makes up the endocardium

Answer 12

Simple squamous epithelium

• connective tissue
• subendocardium ( purkinje fibers, vessels, nerves)

Question 13

Which layer of vessels contains the following:

1. smooth muscle
2. external elastic lamina in ARTERIES

Answer 13

Tunica MEDIA

Question 14

Which layer of vessels contains the following:

1. endothelium
2. subendothelium
3. internal elastic lamina in ARTERIES

Answer 14

Tunica intima

Question 15

Which layer of vessels contains the following:

1. connective tissue & fibroblasts
2. longitudinal smooth muscle in veins
3. vasovasorum in large vessels

Answer 15

Tunica ADVENTITIA

Question 16

External & internal elastic lamina are absent from (veins/arteries)?

Answer 16

Veins!

Question 17

The following describes which type of vessel:

Only two layers of smooth muscle cells. Internal elastic lamina, external elastic lamina, and subendothelial layers usually absent.

Answer 17

Arterioles

Question 18

smaller diameter and no external elastic lamina.
The tunica media also has fewer layers of smooth muscle cells. (single internal elastic lamina in black)

What am i?

Answer 18

Small artery

Question 19

Also called muscular artery because the wall is dominated by smooth muscle.

internal and external elastic lamina are well defined and lack prominent vasovasorum.

What am i??

Answer 19

Medium artery

Question 20

Large arteries are also called the ___ arteries

Answer 20

ELASTIC

Question 21

In regards to tunica media & tunica adventitia, how are the veins different from arteries?

Answer 21

Veins

- larger tunica ADVENTITIA