Pharm

Question 1

pupils contract/dilate by which muscle

Answer 1

radial muscle

contract muscle -> dilate pupil

Question 2

accommodation by what muscle (far vs near-sight)

Answer 2

ciliary muscle (contraction, acommodates, PNS)

Question 3

most NTs are terminated by re-uptake. except for which NT?

Answer 3

acetylcholine by acetylcholinerase

Question 4

which NT is responsible for abuse liability?

Answer 4

dopamine (gives the “high” feeling)

Question 5

B-antagonists are used to treat (6)

Answer 5

HT, Angia (cardiac ischemia), arrhythmia, HEART FAILURE
glaucoma
migraine headaches

Question 6

SIF cell

Answer 6

Ach -> (muscarinic R) Small Intensely Fluorescent cells -> DA on nicotinic post-ganglionic membrane

Question 7

nicotinic receptor: characteristics

Answer 7

5 subunits
2 Ach’s need to bind to ALPHA subunits
nonspecific cationic channel: influx (Na, Ca) & efflux (K+) -> very rapid depolarization & fast cesation of action
very susceptible to blockade: only need 1 ALPHA subunit to be blocked to close the channel

Question 8

PRE B-cell receptor

Answer 8

HC w/ surrogate LC, mainly in the CYTOPLASM (some on the B cell surface)

Question 9

which signaling from stromal cells commits incoming precursor to the T-cell lineage?

Answer 9

notch 1 (stromal cells) in the thymus

Question 10

what are the proteins that are normally expressed in peripheral tissue that’s in the medulla (thymus)?

Answer 10

AIRE (autoimmune regulator), used in (-) selection

Question 11

metabolic activity of which CYP enzyme is NOT inducible?

Answer 11

CYP 2D6