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Q1 > MIM > Flashcards

MIM Flashcards

1
Q

IL-5

A

eosionphils

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2
Q

IL-6

A

plasma cells (stimulate growth, Ig production)

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3
Q

how long does it take for ADAPTIVE IR to be generated?

A

3-4 days

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4
Q

what cell can arise both from lymphoid and myeloid progenitor lines?

A

dendritic cell

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5
Q

antigen vs immunogen: which can induce an IR, DE NOVO?

A

immunogen (Ag can’t)

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6
Q

Adjuvants: characteristics (4), what adjuvant is human-approved?

A
  1. do NOT form stable linkages w/ the immunogen (vs. HAPTEN: protein carrier covalently attaches to the hapten)
  2. converts soluble Ag -> particulate Ag
  3. non-viable, sub-cellular vaccines require adjuvants
  4. has bacteria & their products (SOURCE OF PAMPs)

Alum (aluminum hydroxide gel): delayed release of Ag, enhanced uptake by APCs, very low toxicity

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7
Q

pleiotropy

A

1 cytokine -> many diff effects (may have opposite effects in diff situations)

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8
Q

redundancy

A

diff cytokines -> 1 function

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9
Q

cytokine made by non-T cells for memory T cell survival prolongation

A

IL-7, 15

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10
Q

what’s the polypeptide chain next to BCR that helps w/ signal transduction and Bcell activation

A

CD79

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11
Q

what co-stimulatory molecule does Bcells need to class switch?

A

CD40L

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12
Q

which IgG subclass is best at activating complement pathway?

A

IgG3

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13
Q

which IgG subclass is best at crossing the placenta?

A

IgG1

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14
Q

which IgG subclass binds to CARB Ag?

A

IgG2

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15
Q

Which IgG subclass has the short half-life (7days, 1wk)?

A

IgG3 due to long hinge region that it’s attacked by proteolytic enzyme

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16
Q

which Ig doesn’t have its receptor on phagocytes?

A

IgM. doesn’t bind to phagocytes

starts complement cascade

17
Q

which IgG subclass is best at opsonization?

A

IgG1

18
Q

significance of Idiotype immunoglobulins (4)

A

regulation of immune response (make Ig’s against weird Igs and get rid of it)
humans mount IR to humanized monoclonal Ig
marker for particular variable region
target for tx of Bcell tumor

19
Q

what is HVR (hypervariable region)?

A 
aka CDR (complementarity determining regions) 
3 in each variable chain

variable chain = 3 HVR + framework regions (conserved region of variable region)

20
Q

on which chromosomes are kappa LC, lambda LC, and heavy chain genes located on?

A

kappa LC: 2
lambda LC: 22
heavy chain: 14

21
Q

what kind of cell is the gene in?

A

germline cell = hematopoietic stem cell (NOT B cell)

22
Q

IgM switch to IgD via what mechanism

A

alternative splicing (longer mRNA transcript than IgM)

23
Q

IgM switch to IgG/A/E via what mechanism

A

DNA rearrangement, stimulated by cytokines

24
Q

what cytokine to switch from IgM -> IgG1

A

IFN-a

25
Q

which chain is rearranged first? HC or LC

A

HC

26
Q

allelic exclusion

A

the state in which only one of the two alleles of a gene is expressed in a diploid cell
one B lymphocyte expresses one type of antigen receptor

27
Q

where does the MHC1 bind to its peptide?

A

ER (endoplastic reticulum)

28
Q

what does the MHCII bind to in the ER and where does the MHCII bind to its extracellular peptide?

A

invariant chain

endosome (endocytic pathway)

29
Q

Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome (SCID)

A

loss of MHC I or II expression

30
Q

which cytokines up-regulate MHC I and II expression?

A 
MHC I (viral): IFN-a,b
MHC II (bacterial): IFN-gamma
31
Q

MHC on which chromosome

A

chromosome 6

32
Q

HLA alleles: CODOMINANT expression in HETEROZYOTES

A

both are expressed on the cell surface

33
Q

which HLA gene subtypes (2) are necessary to develop Celiac against Gluten peptide?

A

DQ2/8

34
Q

which genetic types of HIV patients have the slowest progression to AIDS?

A

full heterozygotes

35
Q

TCR characteristics

A

CD3 for intracelular signaling
low affinity for ligands (vs. Igs)
short cytoplasmic tails

36
Q

mechanisms to generate many AA sequences in Ig and TCRs

A 
multiple gene segments (V/D/J)
V-D-J combinatorial diversity 
junctional diveristy 
a/b combinations 
NO somatic hypermutation for TCR (only Ig after Ag binding)

Q1 (7 decks)

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