MIM

Question 1

IL-5

Answer 1

eosionphils

Question 2

IL-6

Answer 2

plasma cells (stimulate growth, Ig production)

Question 3

how long does it take for ADAPTIVE IR to be generated?

Answer 3

3-4 days

Question 4

what cell can arise both from lymphoid and myeloid progenitor lines?

Answer 4

dendritic cell

Question 5

antigen vs immunogen: which can induce an IR, DE NOVO?

Answer 5

immunogen (Ag can’t)

Question 6

Adjuvants: characteristics (4), what adjuvant is human-approved?

Answer 6

1. do NOT form stable linkages w/ the immunogen (vs. HAPTEN: protein carrier covalently attaches to the hapten)
2. converts soluble Ag -> particulate Ag
3. non-viable, sub-cellular vaccines require adjuvants
4. has bacteria & their products (SOURCE OF PAMPs)

Alum (aluminum hydroxide gel): delayed release of Ag, enhanced uptake by APCs, very low toxicity

Question 7

pleiotropy

Answer 7

1 cytokine -> many diff effects (may have opposite effects in diff situations)

Question 8

redundancy

Answer 8

diff cytokines -> 1 function

Question 9

cytokine made by non-T cells for memory T cell survival prolongation

Answer 9

IL-7, 15

Question 10

what’s the polypeptide chain next to BCR that helps w/ signal transduction and Bcell activation

Answer 10

CD79

Question 11

what co-stimulatory molecule does Bcells need to class switch?

Answer 11

CD40L

Question 12

which IgG subclass is best at activating complement pathway?

Answer 12

IgG3

Question 13

which IgG subclass is best at crossing the placenta?

Answer 13

IgG1

Question 14

which IgG subclass binds to CARB Ag?

Answer 14

IgG2

Question 15

Which IgG subclass has the short half-life (7days, 1wk)?

Answer 15

IgG3 due to long hinge region that it’s attacked by proteolytic enzyme

Question 16

which Ig doesn’t have its receptor on phagocytes?

Answer 16

IgM. doesn’t bind to phagocytes

starts complement cascade

Question 17

which IgG subclass is best at opsonization?

Answer 17

IgG1

Question 18

significance of Idiotype immunoglobulins (4)

Answer 18

regulation of immune response (make Ig’s against weird Igs and get rid of it)
humans mount IR to humanized monoclonal Ig
marker for particular variable region
target for tx of Bcell tumor

Question 19

what is HVR (hypervariable region)?

Answer 19

aka CDR (complementarity determining regions) 
3 in each variable chain 

variable chain = 3 HVR + framework regions (conserved region of variable region)

Question 20

on which chromosomes are kappa LC, lambda LC, and heavy chain genes located on?

Answer 20

kappa LC: 2
lambda LC: 22
heavy chain: 14

Question 21

what kind of cell is the gene in?

Answer 21

germline cell = hematopoietic stem cell (NOT B cell)

Question 22

IgM switch to IgD via what mechanism

Answer 22

alternative splicing (longer mRNA transcript than IgM)

Question 23

IgM switch to IgG/A/E via what mechanism

Answer 23

DNA rearrangement, stimulated by cytokines

Question 24

what cytokine to switch from IgM -> IgG1

Answer 24

IFN-a

Question 25

which chain is rearranged first? HC or LC

Answer 25

HC

Question 26

allelic exclusion

Answer 26

the state in which only one of the two alleles of a gene is expressed in a diploid cell one B lymphocyte expresses one type of antigen receptor

Question 27

where does the MHC1 bind to its peptide?

Answer 27

ER (endoplastic reticulum)

Question 28

what does the MHCII bind to in the ER and where does the MHCII bind to its extracellular peptide?

Answer 28

invariant chain | endosome (endocytic pathway)

Question 29

Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome (SCID)

Answer 29

loss of MHC I or II expression

Question 30

which cytokines up-regulate MHC I and II expression?

Answer 30

``` MHC I (viral): IFN-a,b MHC II (bacterial): IFN-gamma ```

Question 31

MHC on which chromosome

Answer 31

chromosome 6

Question 32

HLA alleles: CODOMINANT expression in HETEROZYOTES

Answer 32

both are expressed on the cell surface

Question 33

which HLA gene subtypes (2) are necessary to develop Celiac against Gluten peptide?

Answer 33

DQ2/8

Question 34

which genetic types of HIV patients have the slowest progression to AIDS?

Answer 34

full heterozygotes

Question 35

TCR characteristics

Answer 35

CD3 for intracelular signaling low affinity for ligands (vs. Igs) short cytoplasmic tails

Question 36

mechanisms to generate many AA sequences in Ig and TCRs

Answer 36

``` multiple gene segments (V/D/J) V-D-J combinatorial diversity junctional diveristy a/b combinations NO somatic hypermutation for TCR (only Ig after Ag binding) ```