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Pharm 4 > Pharm 4 > Flashcards

Pharm 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does a hemostatic agent do?

A

controls bleeding

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2
Q

A patient who is on an anti-coagulant presents certain implications for the dental o!ce. It is important to do what before initiating dental treatment?

A

contact the patient’s physician

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3
Q

A person taking some anti-psychotic drugs may experience tardive dyskinesia. These are strange, uncalled for, involuntary and uncontrollable movements of the tongue and/or facial muscles. (T/F)

A

True

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4
Q

Birth control pills have been known to cause high blood pressure in some patients. In most cases this will resolve if the pills are discontinued. (T/F)

A

True

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT true regarding nitroglycerin when it is used to treat acute angina pectoris?

A

when in pill form, the pills are swallowed with water

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6
Q

Insulin is produced by the:

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

the glucocorticoids are produced in:

A

the adrenal glands

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8
Q

One good thing about the hormones in hormone replacement agents for post- menopausal women and oral contraceptives is that they cause a reduced chance of gingival symptoms that the dental hygienist would be concerned with. (inflammation, bleeding, etc.) (T/F)

A

False

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9
Q

Anti-convulsant drugs are used to prevent epileptic seizures. Which of the following is the most commonly used barbiturate anti-convulsant drug?

A

penobarbital

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10
Q

Which of the following describes the relationship CNS depressants have with CNS stimulants?

A

Antagonistic

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11
Q

In an emergency, epinephrine would be used for the treatment of:

A

Anaphylaxis

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12
Q

In an emergency, injectable (I.V.) diazepam (a benzodiazepine) would be used to treat:

A

grand mal seizures

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13
Q

In an emergency, diphenhydramine would be used to treat:

A

allergic reactions

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14
Q

Which of the following cardiovascular conditions is NOT a contraindication for dental treatment?

A

previous (6 months prior) coronary bypass surgery

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15
Q

Which of the following would POSSIBLY be contraindicated for a person with a history of severe cardiovascular disease?

A

epinephrine

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16
Q

Which of the following would a patient with congestive heart failure likely be taking?

A

a cardiac glycoside (digoxin)

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17
Q

Which of the following is the most common of the following cardiovascular diseases?

A

hypertension

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18
Q

The “major” tranquilizers are used in the treatment of:

A

mental disturbances

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19
Q

The adrenocorticosteroids have many medical uses but few dental uses. Long term use (for medical purposes) can result in:

A

lowering of resistance to infection

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20
Q

Tolerance to a drug refers to:

A

the need for an increasingly larger dose

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21
Q

Most experts agree that vasoconstrictors can be used on patients with cardiovascular disease. However, the amount used in severely affected patients should not exceed:

A

0.04mg

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22
Q

what is nitroglycerin?

A

a vasodilator

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23
Q

Calcium channel blockers inhibit the movement of calcium during the contraction of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. What does this result in?

A

vasodilation and a decrease in peripheral resistance

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24
Q

The symptoms of a myocardial infarction are similar to those of angina pectoris. How many doses of nitroglycerin would be given before you would suspect an infarction?

A

3

25
Q

Which of the following types of hypertension is the most dangerous?

A

malignant hypertension

26
Q

An anti-hyperlipidmic agent would be:

A

a cholesterol reducing drug

27
Q

In epilepsy, a tonic-clonic seizure would also be known as:

A

grand mal seizure

28
Q

The newer anti-depressant drugs perform a speci#c function in the brain. What do they do?

A

block the re-uptake of serotonin

29
Q

how do antihistamines work

A

they occupy the receptors histamine would usually bind with

30
Q

why are some anti-histamines non-sedating?

A

they don’t cross the blood-brain barrier very well

31
Q

what are prostaglandins?

A

autacoids

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the four usual ways that adrenocorticoste roads would be administered?

A

subcutaneously

33
Q

The corticosteroids have many effects. If a patient were on long term corticosteroids, which of the following would the dental hygienist be watching for that might affect the patient’s oral health?

A

suppression of the immune response

34
Q

Which trimester of pregnancy is the most critical for avoiding the introduction of drugs to the mother’s body?

A

first trimester

35
Q

You have treatment planned a heavy class III (lots of subgingival calculus, 4- 6mm pockets) patient for three appointments of (mostly) subgingival scaling that will be one week apart. You plan on using local anesthesia throughout. In addition, you have recommended, and the patient has agreed to, an FMX to determine bone levels. When should your patient be taken off (temporarily) their Coumadin (warfarin)?

A

they should not be taken off their Coumadin

36
Q

why might the half-life bisphophonates be so long?

A

they bind very strongly to their target tissue

37
Q

Why would the bisphosphonates seem to hold a lot of promise for the treatment/prevention of osteoporosis?

A

they are similar to internally produced substances that slow down bone resorption

38
Q

Which of the following would be the most important for the dental health care team seeing a patient that has previously been on pamidronate (Aredia) or zolendronic acid (Zometia)?

A

follow up after 2-3 weeks to check on healing

39
Q

After his death, it was revealed that John F. Kennedy suffered from Addison’s disease. Addison’s is caused by partial or complete adrenal insufficiency which can result from an autoimmune dysfunction or a previous infection, especially tubercular or fungal. Due to his Addison’s, which of the following would JFK have needed to be on at the time of his death?

A

glucocorticoids

40
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin) can be used to increase the strength and force of the cardiac contraction. Why would these patients need to be monitored closely?

A

digoxin has a narrow (low) therapeutic index

41
Q

Which of the following would NOT be an adverse effect related to using nitrogylcerin?

A

Chest pain

42
Q

There are many adverse reactions to watch for in patients taking anti- hypertensives. Which of the following would be the LEAST likely?

A

Diarrhea

43
Q

what do cholestyramine (Question) and gemfibrozil (Lopid) have in common?

A

both are cholesterol reducing agents

44
Q

an anti-emetic would be used for reducing or eliminating:

A

vomiting

45
Q

Why are insulins usually injected sub-cutaneously?

A

their large molecular size does not allow for G.I. absorption

46
Q

Which of the following is the best reason to produce insulin through recombinant DNA synthesis?

A

the purity of the product can be controlled

47
Q

What is the treatment when a person accidently gives themselves too much insulin?

A

give the person glucose

48
Q

When will a type I diabetic patient take oral diabetic drugs?

A

Never

49
Q

The symptoms for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia can be similar and both can be life-threatening. What should you do if you are unsure which one the patient is experiencing?

A

give the person something containing glucose (sugar)

50
Q

injectable benzodiazepine

A

level 2

51
Q

oral glucose

A

level1

52
Q

albuterol inhaler

A

level1

53
Q

morphine

A

level 2

54
Q

methoxamine

A

level 2

55
Q

injectable diphenhydramine

A

level 1

56
Q

oxygen

A

level 1

57
Q

dextrose (I.V)

A

level 2

58
Q

The xanthines, hydrochloride, nikethiamide, and cocaine are all examples of :

A

CNS Stimulants

Pharm 4 (4 decks)

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