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Pharm 4 > Pharm 1 > Flashcards

Pharm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When it comes to writing prescriptions, the dental hygienist may:

A

fill in the patient’s name, address, age, and even the prescription itself before handing the
prescription to the DDS to check it and sign it

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2
Q

In order to have a “toxic effect” of a drug, you must have:

A

too much drug administered (for that patient)

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3
Q

The body uses three ways to pass signals or alter functions. Which is the slowest method?

A

Hormones

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4
Q

There are many disadvantages to using the oral route to administer drugs (T/F)

A

True

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5
Q

An idiosyncratic reaction to a drug would be one that:

A

is genetically related (not like the side effects or allergic reactions)

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6
Q

Which of the following defines “therapeutic dose” or “effective dose” (ED)?

A

the dose that produces the clinically desired effect(s)

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7
Q

Once a drug enters the body, absorption can take place. Absorption is:

A

the process by which the drug molecules are transferred from the site of administration to the circulating fluids

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8
Q

What is the most often used method for administering drugs?

A

Orally

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9
Q

What two factors will influence the rate of absorption of a drug from an injection site?

A

solubility of the drug and rate of blood flow

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10
Q

A drug’s “half life” refers to:

A

the amount of time that passes until the drug is at half it’s original blood level

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11
Q

When describing or defining the term “side effects”, a key thought is:

A

the side effects will be seen at the normal dose of a drug

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12
Q

Once a drug has been distributed, a pharmacological effect can take place. The drug can then:

A

Modify an existing function

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13
Q

There are three basic ways in which a drug molecule may move across or through a cell membrane. Which way would be used to move a drug against a concentration or gradient? (that is, there is more drug molecules inside the cell than outside the cell)

A

Active transport

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14
Q

How does a placebo work?

A

by using the person’s psychological perceptions

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15
Q

which of the following is the best definition of the term “drug”?

A

any chemical substance that effects the biological processes of the living cell/body

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16
Q

A drug needs to be diffused out of the blood stream in order to do its “work”. The “work” is most easily accomplished by the drug bound to the albumin and globumin proteins in the blood plasma. (T/F)

A

False

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17
Q

A drug’s ability to cross a cell membrane is dependent on the size and shape of the drug molecule, the valance of the drug molecule, and whether the drug is lipid soluble or water soluble. (T/F)

A

True

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18
Q

Any drug given to the patient in the office or sent home with the patient, _____________ recorded in the patient’s chart.

A

Must be

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19
Q

What is the best way to tell the difference between a generic name and a trade name for a drug?

A

The first letter of a trade name is always capitalized

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20
Q

Drug metabolism or biotransformation is the process of:

A

the drug being broken down into end products

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21
Q

How do drugs cross the placenta?

A

Passive transfer

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22
Q

Tolerance to a drug refers to:

A

the need for an increasingly larger dose

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23
Q

Which type of drug will cross the blood brain barrier the best?

A

highly lipid soluble, non-ionized

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24
Q

Topical anesthetic works very quickly to anesthetize nonkeratinized oral mucosa. Topical anesthetic will also penetrate skin, but it takes much longer to achieve results (numbness). (T/F)

A

True

25
Q

It is legal for the dental auxiliary to administer oral or topical medications at the direct order of the supervising dentist. (T/F)

A

True

26
Q

Most drugs have only one action (or effect). That is, they react with only one type of receptor. (T/F)

A

False

27
Q

When the body requires a higher and higher dose for the usual response, __________ to the drug has occurred.

A

Tolerance

28
Q

Pharmacology is

A

The study of drugs

29
Q

which is the following is NOT one of the three ways of classifying a drug’s action?

A

Mental effects

30
Q

what is the simplest way to give or take a drug?

A

Orally

31
Q

when talking about about drug molecule characteristics, an agonist is a drug that is capable of binding to a receptor, stimulation its and producing response. A competitive antagonist is a drug that binds to the same receptor and:

A

increases the amount of agonist that is needed to get a response.

32
Q

an example of a drug used in dentistry that is introduced into the body via the inhalation method would be:

A

NO2

33
Q

Drug are used for diagnosis, prevention, and/or treatment of disease. (T/F)

A

True

34
Q

no drug is completely free of adverse effects (T/F)

A

True

35
Q

the efficacy of drug is not related to it’s potency. (T/F)

A

True

36
Q

in an allergic response to a drug, the term “anaphylaxis” refers to:

A

a sudden, serious reaction

37
Q

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the intravenous route of administering drugs?

A

Safest

38
Q

in an allergic response to a drug, what are the body’s cells and tissues reacting to?

A

histamine that is released by the antibodies

39
Q

which of the following statements belongs with the term “potency”?

A

useful when comparing two drugs that elicit the same response

40
Q

the generic name of drug is also known as the ________ name of the drug

A

Official

41
Q

what type of kinetics represents the most common way that drugs are metabolized by the body?

A

first order kinetics

42
Q

which of the following is the most important site of elimination of drugs are their end product from the body?

A

Kidneys

43
Q

A drug’s therapeutic index is a ration of it’s LD50 to its ED50. How is the therapeutic index actually figured?

A

divided the LD50 by the ED50

44
Q

in an allergic response to a drug, when will the reaction appear (be visible)?

A

after the second or third exposure (or dose) to the drug

45
Q

When taking to a patient about drugs related to the practice of dentistry, a dental hygienist may:

A

recommend to a patient what they may want to take.

46
Q

Generally, females may be more sensitive or sensitive or reactive to drugs than males. (T/F)

A

True

47
Q

the acronym ADME stands for Administration, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion. (T/F)

A

False

48
Q

the term “teratogenic” means:

A

harmful to the embryo/fetus

49
Q

what is clark’s rule

A

dosage calculation for children based on weight

50
Q

the higher the therapeutic index, the:

A

the safer the drug

51
Q

which of the following would NOT be a route of administration used in any branch of dentistry?

A

intrathecal

52
Q

S

A

Without

53
Q

PRN

A

as requires, if needed

54
Q

TID

A

three times a day

55
Q

ud

A

used as directed

56
Q

bid

A

twice a day

57
Q

PO

A

by mouth

58
Q

c

A

with

59
Q

ac

A

before meals

Pharm 4 (4 decks)

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