Pharm 2

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Action of body on the drug via movement of the drug in and out of the body.

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

Action of drug within the body via a drug-receptor action

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

Dependent on bioavailability, route of administration, first pass effect

Question 4

Distribution

Answer 4

Dependent on tissues penetration, volume of distribution, fat/water solubility

Distribution phase: time between administration of dose and its equilibration between central and peripheral compartments

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

Biotransformation within the body

Question 6

Excretion

Answer 6

The removal of a drug or its metabolites from the body, primarily by the kidneys and urination.

Question 7

Loading dose

Answer 7

Given to rapidly establish a therapeutic plasma drug concentration. Can be calculated by multiplying the volume of distribution by the desired plasma drug concentration.

Question 8

Maintenance dose

Answer 8

Given to establish or maintain the desired steady-state plasma drug concentration.

Question 9

Volume of distribution (Vd)

Answer 9

Amount of volume necessary to fill the internal and external compartments of the body

Question 10

Clearance

Answer 10

Clearance (Cl) is the most fundamental expression of drug elimination. It is defined as the volume of body fluid (blood) from which a drug is removed per unit of time.

Question 11

Elimination half-life (t½)

Answer 11

Is the time required to reduce the plasma drug concentration by 50%.

Question 12

ED50 (or ED99)

Answer 12

Median effective dose (ED50), which is the dose that produces 50% of the maximal response.

Question 13

TD50

Answer 13

The median toxic dose (TD50) of a drug or toxin is the dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of cases.

Question 14

LD50

Answer 14

Lethal dose (LD50) is the amount of an ingested substance that kills 50 percent of a test sample.

Question 15

Tmax

Answer 15

The time needed to reach the maximum

Question 16

Cmax

Answer 16

Maximum concentration

Question 17

Duration of action/duration of effective concentration

Answer 17

The duration of action of a drug is the length of time that particular drug is effective.

Question 18

Steady state

Answer 18

Overall intake of a drug is fairly in dynamic equilibrium with its elimination.

Question 19

Therapeutic window

Answer 19

Range of doses that produces therapeutic response without causing any significant adverse effect in patients.

Question 20

Therapeutic index

Answer 20

The therapeutic index is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug.
The larger the therapeutic index (TI), the safer the drug is.

Question 21

Dose-concentration graph

Answer 21

Plots the drug dose (or concentration) against its effect.

Question 22

Area under the curve (AUC)

Answer 22

Reflects the actual body exposure to drug after administration of a dose of the drug and is expressed in mg*h/L. This area under the curve is dependent on the rate of elimination of the drug from the body and the dose administered.