Pharm Flashcards
What are cholinergic agonists?
Chemicals that act at the same site as the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh).
What is the action of cholinergic drugs?
Often called parasympathomimetic drugs because their action mimics the action of the parasympathetic nervous system.
What are the effects of cholinergic drugs?
Pupil constriction, lens accommodation, lacrimal secretions, salivation, increased motility, and contraction of sphincters.
What neurotransmitter is involved in cholinergic drug action?
Acetylcholine (ACh).
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?
An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, leading to decreased ACh in the synapse.
What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?
Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
What is the effect of cholinergic drugs on blood vessels?
Causes vasodilation.
Which cranial nerves are associated with cholinergic effects?
Oculomotor nerve, Facial nerve, Glossopharyngeal nerve, Vagus nerve, and Pelvic nerve.
What is Bethanechol used for in children?
Bethanechol is approved for the treatment of neurogenic bladder in children older than 8 years.
What medications are used for myasthenia gravis in children?
Neostigmine and pyridostigmine are used for the control of myasthenia gravis and for reversal of neuromuscular junction blocker effects.
What is Edrophonium used for in children?
Edrophonium is used for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis only.
What adverse effects should adults be cautioned about when using cholinergic agonists?
Adults should be aware of flushing, increased sweating, increased salivation, GI upset, urinary urgency, dizziness, drowsiness, and blurred vision.
What is the recommendation for using cholinergic agonists during pregnancy and lactation?
Cholinergic agonists should be used only when the benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus or neonate.
