Patho Flashcards
Hyperkalemia due to metabolic acidosis causes
muscle weakness
How does kidney dysfunction lead to hyperkalemia and hyponatremia?
Poor kidney function reduces potassium excretion (hyperkalemia) and impairs sodium reabsorption (hyponatremia).
What role does adrenal insufficiency play in electrolyte imbalances?
Adrenal insufficiency, like Addison’s disease, decreases aldosterone production, leading to high potassium and low sodium levels.
Which medications can cause hyperkalemia and hyponatremia?
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and potassium-sparing diuretics can increase potassium levels and decrease sodium levels.
How does heart failure affect potassium and sodium levels?
Heart failure can cause fluid retention, diluting sodium (hyponatremia) and reducing potassium excretion (hyperkalemia).
What is hypoaldosteronism?
Hypoaldosteronism is a condition with low aldosterone levels, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
What is hyperkalemia?
Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high potassium levels in the blood due to reduced potassium excretion by the kidneys.
What is hyponatremia?
Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood due to impaired sodium reabsorption by the kidneys.
How does poor renal perfusion cause hyperkalemia?
Poor renal perfusion reduces the kidneys’ ability to filter and excrete potassium, leading to hyperkalemia.
How does poor renal perfusion cause hyponatremia?
Poor renal perfusion impairs the kidneys’ ability to reabsorb sodium, leading to hyponatremia.
What is hyperphosphatemia?
Hyperphosphatemia is a condition characterized by high phosphate levels in the blood due to reduced phosphate excretion by the kidneys.
What is hypocalcemia?
Hypocalcemia is a condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood, often occurring alongside hyperphosphatemia.
What is hypermagnesemia?
Hypermagnesemia is a condition characterized by high magnesium levels in the blood due to reduced magnesium excretion by the kidneys.
What is metabolic acidosis?
Metabolic acidosis is a condition where there is too much acid in the body fluids, often due to an imbalance in bicarbonate levels caused by poor renal perfusion.
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a type of irregular heartbeat, also known as an __________. It occurs when the heart beats very fast or erratically, affecting the heart’s upper chambers (atria).
arrhythmia
