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MSRA 2 > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Name four drugs which can cause dyspepsia

A

NSAIDs are the most common culprits.
Various other common drugs sometimes cause dyspepsia, or make dyspepsia worse:
* Digoxin
* Steroids
* Iron
* Calcium antagonists
* Nitrates
* Theophyllines
* Bisphosphonates
* SSRI
* Viagra (Sildenafil)

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2
Q

Give three common SEs of tamoxifen

A

VTE, hot flushes (~50% of women), nausea, fluid retention, vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, fatigue, & skin rash.

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3
Q

What is the maximum permitted dose of lidocaine?

A

3mg/kg or 7mg/kg with epinephrine

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4
Q

What is first-line in acute diverticulitis?

A

Co-amoxiclav

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5
Q

Intrinsic staining of the teeth is most common with which type of abx?

A

Tetracyclines

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6
Q

What is pyridostigmine?

A

Pyridostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine and works best in mild myasthenia gravis.

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7
Q

Name the common causes of drug-induced seizures

A

OTIS CAMPBELL
Organophosphates
Tricyclic antidepressants
Isoniazid, Insulin
Sympathomimetics
Cocaine, Clozapine
Amphetamines, Antiepileptics
Methylxanthines (theophylline, caffeine)
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Benzodiazepine/Barbiturate withdrawal
Ethanol withdrawal
Lidocaine
Lithium

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8
Q

Which drugs may worsen glycaemic control?

A

Beta-blockers, thiazides, anti-psychotics, glucocorticoids

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9
Q

What are the centor criteria?

A

If ≥3 of the following criteria are present then there is a 50% chance the sore throat is caused by Group A beta-haemolytic
Streptococcus:
1. presence of tonsillar exudate
2. tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis
3. history of fever
4. absence of cough

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10
Q

Which type of cancer is tamoxifen licenced for?

A

Oestrogen +ve breast ca

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11
Q

What must we warn pts about when starting ACEi?

A

Hypotension (especially with first dose - so lie down after swallowing)
Dry cough (1:10)
Taste disturbance
Hyperkalaemia
Renal impairment
Urticaria
Angioneurotic oedema (<1:1,000)
Rarely proteinuria, leukopenia & fatigue

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12
Q

Which diabetic medication is contra-indicated in HF?

A

Pioglitazone - thiazolidinedione

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13
Q

Which diabetic medication causes increased incidence of UTI?

A

Dapagliflozin belongs to the family of SGLT2 inhibitors and I sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in the kidneys to l glucose reabsorption & 1 urinary glucose excretion.

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14
Q

Which topical drug may we use to treat chronic-open angle glaucoma or acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic agent that constricts the pupil

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15
Q

How do we treat htn in afro-carribean pts?

A

Calcium-channel blocker unless diabetic

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16
Q

What is carbimazole used for?

A

Treat hyperthyroidism. Carbimazole is a pro-drug as after absorption it is converted to the active form, methimazole. Methimazole prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme from iodinating and coupling the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxine).

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17
Q

Give the main SEs of amiodarone

A

Amiodarone can cause pulmonary fibrosis as well as corneal deposits which can lead to blindness, skin pigmentation (blue-grey discoloration occur on body areas when exposed to sunlight - the disappearance of amiodarone-related skin discoloration may take months or years), thyroid disturbance & hepatotoxicity.

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18
Q

Which DMARD is known to cause ocular toxicity?

A

Hydroxychloroquine

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19
Q

What is meloxicam?

A

NSAID

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20
Q

Which drugs may cause mouth ulceration?

A

Nicorandil, NSAIDs and cytotoxic drugs

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21
Q

Which respiratory condition is associated with methotrexate use?

A

Methotrexate-pneumonitis usually develops acutely or subacutely in the first year of treatment and presents with cough,
dyspnoea, and often fever.
* Pre-existing lung disease is a major risk factor and the clinical diagnosis is based on methotrexate exposure, symptoms, and laboratory and imaging findings.
* Treatment involves methotrexate cessation and high-dose steroids.

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22
Q

What are lichenoid eruptions?

A

Lichenoid eruptions are conditions in which there is histological damage to the lower epidermis along with a grouped chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary dermis disturbing the interface between the epidermis & dermis. E.g. lichen planus

23
Q

Which drugs can cause lichenoid eruptions?

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • NSAIDS
  • methyldopa
  • chloroquine
  • oral antidiabetics
  • thiazide diuretics
  • gold
24
Q

What is xanthopsia?

A

Blurred or yellow vision - seen with digoxin use

25
Q

Which systemic drugs dilate the pupils?

A

Dilating - sympathomimetics e.g. adrenaline (epinephrine) and antimuscarinics e.g. atropine, tricyclic antidepressants,
amphetamines & ecstasy.

26
Q

Which systemic drugs constrict the pupils?

A

Constricting - opiates e.g. morphine and organophosphates.

27
Q

Which topical drugs dilate the pupils?

A

Dilating - sympathomimetics e.g. phenylephrine, adrenaline (epinephrine) and antimuscarinics e.g. cyclopentolate,
tropicamide, atropine.

28
Q

Which topical drugs constrict the pupils?

A

Constricting - muscarinic agonists e.g. pilocarpine.

29
Q

What is the first-line antiplatelet agent to prevent the risk of CVD post-stroke / TIA?

A

Clopidogrel

30
Q

How do we treat arsenic poisoning?

A

Dimercaprol (or British anti-Lewisite)

31
Q

How do we treat benzodiazepine poisoning?

A

Flumazenil

32
Q

How do SGLT2 inhibitors work?

A

function through a novel mechanism of reducing renal tubular glucose
reabsorption, producing a reduction in blood glucose without stimulating insulin release.

33
Q

What is the main SE of SGLT2 inhibitors to be aware of?

A

Can lead to lower limb amputation

34
Q

What is the main SE of pioglitazone to be aware of?

A

Bladder ca

35
Q

Which diabetes med can cause vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Metformin

36
Q

Which drugs can cause SIADH?

A

Exogenous vasopressin, NSAIDs, nicotine, diuretics, chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs,
vincristine, thioridazine, cyclophosphamide, clofibrate

37
Q

Give the common SEs of statins

A

Various muscular side-effects, including myositis, which can lead to rhabdomyolysis.
Statins can also cause gastro-intestinal disturbances.
Very rarely pancreatitis.
They can also cause altered liver function tests.
Rarely hepatitis & jaundice.
Hepatic failure has been reported very rarely.
In very rare cases, statins can cause interstitial lung disease.
Symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough, & weight loss.

38
Q

Which drugs do we use to treat Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs are used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, specifically for mild to moderate disease.
Donepezil, galantamine, memantine (severe disease), rivastigmine

39
Q

What is amantadine used for?

A

Treating Parkinson’s disease, post-herpetic neuralgia and influenza A

40
Q

Which class of diabetic medications give the highest risk of hypoglycaemia

A

Sulfonylureas

41
Q

Give four medications that can cause gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin, ciclosporin, nifedipine, amlodipine

42
Q

What may we give to a terminal breast cancer patient with appetite loss

A

Prednisolone - Anorexia may be helped by steroids - prednisolone 15-30 mg daily or dexamethasone 2-4 mg daily.

43
Q

Which drug may we give to a terminal prostate cancer patient who is constipated?

A

Co-danthramer is a combination laxative (stimulant/softener) which aids compliance, but it is only licensed for use in terminally ill patients (individual clinician needs to decide whether the patient has a limited prognosis).

44
Q

When do we use haloperidol to treat N&V?

A

Haloperidol is used by mouth in an initial dose of 1.5mg once or twice daily (can be increased if necessary to 5-10mg daily in divided
doses) for most metabolic causes of vomiting (e.g. hypercalcaemia, renal failure).

45
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements. SE of antipsychotics

46
Q

How may we treat pain secondary to cervical cancer nerve compression?

A

Dexamethasone - reduce inflammation around cancer

47
Q

How do we treat intractable cough in lung ca

A

Oral morphine

48
Q

How do we treat tinea capitis?

A

Ringworm of the scalp
Need oral meds as topical do not eliminate the infection
Oral griseofulvin + ketoconazole shampoo

49
Q

.

A

For people aged 55 years or over and people of black African or African-

Caribbean family origin (of any age), offer a calcium-channel blocker (CCB).

  • If a CCB is not tolerated, for example, because of oedema, offer a thiazide-like

diuretic, such as indapamide.

50
Q

Which laxative can stain urine red?

A

Dantron - co-danthrusate and co-danthramer

51
Q

What is goserelin used for?

A

Breast ca, endometrial ca and prostate ca amongst other things

52
Q

What is first-line for fungal nail infections?

A
  • Topical therapy:
    5% amorolfine nail lacquer used once or twice a week 6 months for fingernails & 12 months for toenails.
  • Systemic therapy:
  • Terbinafine 250mg daily for 12 weeks for fingernails and 6 months for toenail infections.
53
Q

How do we treat head lice infestation?

A

Dimeticone 4% lotion or wet combing

54
Q
A

MSRA 2 (10 decks)

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