Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSRA 2 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What causes galactorrhoea-amenorrhoea syndrome?

A

Hyperprolactinaemia?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the pathological causes of hyperprolactinaemia?

A

Prolactinomas, drug-induced or hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does hyperprolactinaemia present?

A

Galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea in women

Reduce libido and ED in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we calculate anion gap?

A

(Na+ + K+) - (HCO3- + Cl-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the normal range of an anion gap?

A

12-17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?

A

Disease of the adrenal glands most commonly causes by N meningitidis, leading to massive haemorrhage in one or both adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome present?

A

Meningococcemia, low BP, shock, DIC and adrenocortical insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Conn’s syndrome?

A

Increased aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands due to adenoma, suppressed plasma-renin activity, hypertension and hypokalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

Unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (Conn’s syndrome)
Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is often seen on VBG in someone with Conn’s syndrome?

A

Hypokalaemic alkalotic htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do we treat Conn’s syndrome?

A

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is thyroid storm?

A

Hyperthyroid crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do we manage thyroid storm?

A

Cooling, IVI, resp support
Antithyroid meds, steroids, beta blockers, iodine soln

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do we often see subclinical hypothyroidism in CF?

A

Reduced dietary absorption of iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do we treat primary hypothyroidism in primary care?

A

T4 (do not treat with T3/T4 in community)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is haemochromatosis?

A

Iron overload disorder

17
Q

How does haemochromatosis present?

A

Cirrhosis, T2DM, skin pigmentation is the triad

18
Q

What is the most common cause of secondary htn?

A

Conn’s

19
Q

What electrolyte abnormality is associated with steroid use?

A

Hypokalaemia

20
Q

In which population is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis most common?

A

Middle-aged females

21
Q

Where do you see anti-TPO antibodies?

A

Hashimotos

22
Q

How does De Quervain thyroiditis present?

A

Transient inflammatory disease characterised by pain and tenderness of the thyroid gland

23
Q

How does papillary thyroid carcinoma present?

A

Painless, hard thyroid mass with enlargement of cervical lymph nodes. Can invade local structures e.g. cause hoarseness/dysphagia

24
Q

How does Addison’s disease present?

A

Adrenocortical insufficiency

Collapse, low BMI, hx of autoimmune disease, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, hypona

25
Q

In which endocrinological conditions do you see hyperpigmentation?

A

Any with high ACTH e.g. Addisons, Cushing’s disease, ‘ectopic’ ACTH (ACTH made by a tumour outside of the pituitary e.g. the lung)

26
Q

How do we initially investigate Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Overnight dexamethasone suppression test

27
Q

What is the most common cause of SIADH?

A

Idiopathic

28
Q

What do we use parathyroid hormone levels for?

A

Can differentiate hypercalcaemia as PTH-mediated (primary hyperthyroidism, most common cause of hypercalc) or non-PTH-mediated (e.g. malignancy)

29
Q

Which blood test do we use for ? acromegaly?

A

IGF-1 (less variable than GH)

30
Q

Why do we not use HbA1c in HIV +ve pts?

A

Underestimates glycaemia

31
Q

What is arcus senilis?

A

Whitish-gray, opaque ring in the corneal margin

Seen in elderly people with hypercholesterolaemia

32
Q

What is the earliest marker for diabetic nephropathy?

A

Microalbuminaemia

33
Q

How do we investigate hypercalcaemia?

A

PTH

34
Q

Where do you see Chvostek’s sign?

A

Hypocalcaemia

35
Q
A

MSRA 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions