Derm/ENT Flashcards
How does retinal detachment present?
Flashes of light and numerous little floaters. This may precede a curtain coming over the vision, however the above differentiates it from amaurosis fugax
Which organism usually causes a quinsy?
S pyogenes
What is metamorphopsia, and where is it seen?
Age-related macular degeneration
Causes linear objects (e.g. lines) to appear curvy on a grid
What is a keratoconus?
Progressive eye condition where the normally dome-shaped cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape causing blurred vision
What is a pterygium?
Fibrovascular overgrowth of the subconjunctival tissue, triangular in shape and encroaching onto the cornea in the medial and lateral palpebral fissure
What is the triad in optic neuritis?
Painful, sub-acute vision loss; eye pain worse on movement and loss of colour vision
How do we investigate sudden onset optic neuritis?
MRI
70 M presents with a non-healing ulcer on the tip of his nose. He has had it for the last year and it is enlarging. Rolled edges. Dx?
Basal cell carcinoma
What is a squamous cell carcinoma?
Malignant tumour of epidermal keratinocytes
40 F presents with an irregularly shaped, itchy, darkly pigmented lesion on her leg which can bleed spontaneously. Dx?
Malignant melanoma
What is chronic suppurative otitis media?
COSM = a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, which presents with recurrent otorrhoea through a tympanic perforation
Common after otitis media
What is the difference between Holmes-Adie pupils and Argyll-Robertson pupils?
Holmes-Adie = large and irregular pupil which is slow to constrict to light but constricts normally to accommodation. Remains small for an abnormally long time.
Argyll-Robertson (neurosyphilis) = bilateral small, irregular pupils which do not react to light but accommodate well
What is a keratoacanthoma?
Rapidly growing epidermal tumour that resembles SCC both clinically and histologically. Thought to arise from hair follicles.
What is used for prophylaxis in Meniere’s disease and why?
Betahistine - histamine agonist which dilates the blood vessels in the middle ear which can relieve the pressure from excess fluid and help reverse the underlying problem of endolymphatic hydrops.
How does nasopharyngeal carcinoma present?
Neck mass, epistaxis, nasal obstruction, unilateral otitis media with effusion, tinnitus, unilateral hearing loss
What is a pyogenic granuloma?
Chronic inflammatory lesion of the dermal layer of the skin that occurs from minor penetrating foreign bodies (e.g. splinters, thorns etc.)
What is a capillary haemangioma?
A capillary hemangioma is a non-cancerous tumor made up of abnormal blood vessels that usually appears as a raised, bright red lesion on the skin. It’s also known as a “strawberry mark” because of its resemblance to the surface of a strawberry.
What is furunculosis?
furunculosis of the external canal is a condition that results from the infection of a hair follicle. Presents as a red swelling on the distal part of the meatus. Commonly caused by staphylococcus.
Why may impacted cerumen cause a cough?
Impacted earwax can stimulate the branch of the vagus nerve in the outer ear, causing a cough reflex
Which organism most common causes onychomycosis?
Trichophyton rubrum usually causes fungal nail infection
How does discoid eczema present?
A middle-aged patient with chronically dry skin develops widespread coin-shaped (discoid) lesions. Ooze serum and crust over.
What is a dermoid cyst?
Cystic teratoma that contains developmentally mature skin e.g. teeth, blood, fat, bones etc. Usually benign, seen in children, often on the lateral aspect of the eyebrow.
