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FNP Board > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

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Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Most potent to least derm formulation

A

-ointment
-cream (most easily absorbed)
-lotion
-solutions

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2
Q

how many steroid classes

A

7

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3
Q

most potent steroid class

A

1- never Rx in primary

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4
Q

least potent steroid topical class

A

7- otc creams

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5
Q

what potency is not prescribed in primary care

A

3-4

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6
Q

bactroban treats what gm+ bacteria

A

staph aureus and strep pyogenes

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7
Q

who to avoid bactroban in

A

pregnant people who are breastfeeding (not enough evidence)

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8
Q

how soon to see improvement with bactroban

A

3-5 days

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9
Q

antivirals can be harsh on what organ

A

kidneys- can lead to aki

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10
Q

antifungal safety alert

A

they are teratogenic and increase risk of spont. abortion and heart defects

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11
Q

what to look out for in those with antifungal meds

A

liver toxicity

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12
Q

Selenium sulfide is both a

A

antifungal and antiinfective

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13
Q

what is selenium sulfide used for

A

tinea versicolor
tinea capitus

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14
Q

how to dose for pinworms

A

1 dose then another 2 weeks later

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15
Q

terbinafine (lamisil) used for

A

tinea capitis
onchomycosis

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16
Q

duration of terbinafine tx for tinea capitis

A

2-4 weeks

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17
Q

duration of terbinafine for treatment of onchomycosis

A

6-12w

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18
Q

griseofluvin used for

A

tinea capitis

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19
Q

treatment duration of griseofulvin

A

6-8 weeks

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20
Q

pt teaching with griseofulvin

A

take with fatty food

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21
Q

what to monitor while on terbinafine

A

liver

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22
Q

what is permethrin used for

A

lice and scabies

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23
Q

how does permethrin work

A

overexcites the bug’s nervous system killin em

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24
Q

dosing info for permethrin for scabies

A

-apply to entire body neck down for 12 hours then wash off
-repeat in one week

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25
Q

dosing info for permethrin for lice

A

-apply to scalp and wash out right after
-only kills active lice and not eggs
-need 2nd treatment and nit combing

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26
Q

go-to initial acne treatment

A

benzoyl peroxide which dries and peels skin causing vacteria to shed off

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27
Q

what is sodium valproate (valporic acid)(depakote) used for

A

treats and prevents seizures

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28
Q

normal valporic acid level

A

50-100mcg

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29
Q

valporic acid tox level

A

> 100

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30
Q

SE of valporic acid

A

-wt gain
-hair loss with long term use
-hepato tox

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31
Q

what to monitor closely with valporic acid

A

liver

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32
Q

can we use depakote in pregnancy

A

NO

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33
Q

Phenytoin (dilantin) use

A

generalized and complex partial seizures

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34
Q

what must you tell pts with phenytoin (dilantin)

A

will decrease effectiveness of OCP

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35
Q

SE with dilantin (phenytoin)

A

-gingival hyperplasia
-hirsutism

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36
Q

what lab to monitor for with phenytoin (dilantin)

A

-avoid with liver issues (hepato tox)
-monitor LFT

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37
Q

What is tegretol (carbamazepine) used for

A

-trigeminal neuralgia
-seizures

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38
Q

how does tegretol (carbamazepine) work in trigeminal neuralgia

A

lessens pain signals sent to brain

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39
Q

Labs with tegretol (carbamazepine)

A
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40
Q

important se with tegretol (carbamazepine)

A

-mildly anticholinergic

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41
Q

Gabapentin use for

A

-peripheral neuropathy
-post herpatic neuralgia

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42
Q

SE of gabapentin

A

-dependent possible
-sedating

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43
Q

how does gabapentin work

A

works in brain by altering electrical activity and neurotransmitters

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44
Q

Topiramate uses

A

-seizure prevention
-migrane prevention

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45
Q

common se of topiramate

A

-wt loss

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46
Q

Avoid topiramate in

A

-hepatic or renal issues
-May increase risk of kidney stones

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47
Q

Which antidepressants can be used for migrain prophylaxis

A

-TCA (amatryptaline, nortryptaline)

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48
Q

What is nice about triptans

A

they are not all equivalant, if one doesnt work try another

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49
Q

do NOT use triptans with

A

-uncontrolled HTN
-MAOI
-CAD

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50
Q

How to take triptans

A

-take asap at migrane start
-only use 2x per week (risk for rebount HA if used more)

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51
Q

How does levodopa-carbidopa work

A

increased dopamine in brain

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52
Q

What symptom is levodopa-carbidopa best on

A

bradykanesia

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53
Q

consern with levodopa-carbidopa

A

hypotension = falls

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54
Q

Dopamine agonist examples

A

-ropinirol (requip)
-Pramipexole

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55
Q

How do dopamine agonists work

A

mimic dopamine in brain

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56
Q

Why are dopamine agonists used

A

to delay levodopa initiationas long as possible

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57
Q

DE of dopamine agonists

A

-impulse control issues
-edema
-hypotension- common

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58
Q

What is meclizine (bonine)

A

-antiemetic
-bppv
-labyrinthitis

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59
Q

med onset and duration of meclizine

A

onset of 30min
lasts 8-24 hours

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60
Q

why is meclizine good for old folks

A

-only mildly anticholinergic or sedating

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61
Q

how long to treat with iron

A

3-6mo

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62
Q

why should parents give iron with a gtt

A

to prevent stainig of teeth

63
Q

How to know if pt has pernicious anemia

A

neuro symptoms will be present

64
Q

How to replace B12 in pernicious anemia

A

they lack intrensic factor so must be IM

65
Q

first line HTN meds

A

-ACE/ARB
-thiazides
-CCBS

66
Q

acei are great for

A

-new dx of HTN
-previous MI
-HF
-CKD

67
Q

WHen to stop acei after starting on gfr

A

if it drops less than 30% from baseline

68
Q

What are the two types of CCBS

A

-dihydropyridine
-non-dihydropyridine

69
Q

What are examples of nondihydropyridine CCBS

A

-verapimil
-diltiazem

70
Q

examples of dihydropyridine ccbs

A

“-dipines”
Amalodipine, nifidipne

71
Q

SE of CCB

A

ankle edema
HA
avoid in gerd

72
Q

Dont use tzd in gfr less than

A

30

73
Q

avoid these Bp drugs if sulfa allergy

A

tzd

74
Q

who are BB good for?

A

-EF<40%
-post MI

-anxiety and hyperthyroid for rate control

75
Q

BBs are not good in

A

-asthma
-copd

76
Q

how long does furosemide last

A

6-8hrs

77
Q

What if ferosemide doses are given too quickly

A

ototoxicity

78
Q

When is spironolactone usually given

A

HF

79
Q

what to monitor with spironolactone

A

-renal
-K+ levels

80
Q

weird SE of spironolactone

A

-gynocomastia

81
Q

when do we use digoxin

A

HF with a/fib

82
Q

how does digoxin work

A

-slows heart allowing for full filling time
-increases contractility

83
Q

When to hold digoxin

A

when HR less than 60

84
Q

s/s of digoxin tox

A

-Green/yellow halos
-fatigue
-brady
-weakness
-V-fib, V-tach

85
Q

dig toxicity level

A

> 2ng/ml

86
Q

Why is hypokalemia significant with digoxin

A

low K+ can cause easier tox

87
Q

antidote to digoxin

A

digibind

88
Q

Nitrates used to treat

A

angina

89
Q

What type of drug is amiodarone

A

antiarrhythmic

90
Q

what is amiodarone used for

A

-a-fib
-ventricular arrythmias

91
Q

long term SE of amiodarone

A

-thyroid (contins a lot of iodine, can cause hypo or hyper)
-Eyes (optic neuropathy, corneal deposits)
-Lungs (pulm tox, get baseline xray and PFT)

92
Q

what med needs to be reduced with amiodarone

A

anticoags (incrase anticoag effectiveness so you have to drop dose)

93
Q

what do statins do

A

-lower LDL and increase HDL
-Also lowers CRP levels

94
Q

S/S of rhabdo

A

-elevated CK
-muscle pain

95
Q

Drug induced hepatitis s/s

A

-dark urine
-jaundice
-fatigue
-abd pain

96
Q

What do fibrates doq

A

-decrease triglycerides
-increase HDL

97
Q

When to use fibrates

A

with triglycerides over 500

98
Q

what doesnt fibrates do

A

lower ldl well

99
Q

What does Niacin (nicotininc acid) do

A

-decreases triglycerides
-increase LDL

(little to no effect on LDL)

100
Q

se of nicotinic acid (niacin)

A

-facial flushing 30-60mins after
(can be reduced with ASA coadmin)

101
Q

pt teaching with niacin

A

dont take with warm water

102
Q

bile acid sequestrants

A

cholestyramine
colestipol

103
Q

what do bile acid sequestrants do

A

decrease LDL by binding to it

104
Q

how to take bile acid sequestrants

A

take one hr before other meds

105
Q

SE of bile acid sequestrants

A

sever GI stuff
-nausea
-constipation

106
Q

improperly treated DVT =

A

PE in 45%

107
Q

how long to keep pts on meds for DVT

A

x6mo

108
Q

DVT apixaban (eliquis)

A

10mg bid x7 then 5mg

109
Q

Dabigatran (pradaxa) for dvt

A

150mg bid 5-10d until lmwh

110
Q

rivaroxaban (xarelto) for dvt

A

15mg bid x21d then 20mg qd

111
Q

short term uses for wardfarin

A

-DVT
-PE
-Joint surgery

112
Q

long term warfarin uses

A

-a-fib
-cardiomyopathy

113
Q

lab for warfarin

A

pt/INR

114
Q

goal of warfarin due to hear valve issues

A

2.5-3.5 (or 4)

115
Q

How long to stop warfarin for surgery

A

5 days

116
Q

What does warfarin interact with

A

-ASA
-Tylenol
-antacids
-abx
-antifungals
-antidepressants

117
Q

what kind of food to limit with warfarin

A

green leafy veggies

118
Q

When is enoxaparin used

A

-post op
-bridging to warfarin

119
Q

BBW for exnoxaparin

A

dont give with spinal anesthesia!

120
Q

Best anticoag in pregnancy

A

lovenox (warfarin causes 1st T defects)

121
Q

Anticoags do

A

slow ability to make clots

122
Q

antiplatelets

A

stop platelet aggrigation and stop clot formation

123
Q

ASA is a

A

antiplatelet

124
Q

how does ASA bind

A

irreversibliy for 10 days

125
Q

What if our pt is allergic to asa

A

give plavix

126
Q

When to stop ASA prior to sx

A

7-10days

127
Q

what is ASA used in

A

CAD
Stroke
MI
RA/OA

128
Q

what can amoxicillin be used for

A

-PNE
-acute otitis media if no abx in last 30
-group A strep

129
Q

what can augmentin be used for

A

-sinusitis
-dog bites
-acute otitis media if abx in last 30

130
Q

What is Pen G used for

A

syphilis

131
Q

what can you treat mastitis with

A

-dicloxacillin
-keflex
-clinda (GI SE)

132
Q

What are cephalosporins used for

A

-Post op wounds
-Otitis media if abx in last 30
-tx failure of sinusitis
-skin complaints

133
Q

Good ages for cephalosporins

A

good for old, babes and pregnant women

134
Q

Macrolides end in

A

“-mycin”

135
Q

What are macrolides nortorious for?

A

GI side effects

136
Q

Maccrolides are considered first line for

A

-PNE
-Group A strep

137
Q

Can macrolides be used in pregnancy

A

YEA

138
Q

Sulfonamides are good for

A

-uncomplicated UTI
-below the waste skin complaints
KILLS MRSA

139
Q

What is a big risk of sulfonamides

A

Steven Johnsons
-eperdermal dealth and shedding which can be fatal

140
Q

What are tetracyclines good for

A

-PNE
-Rocky Mt Fever
-Purulent cellulitis
-chlymydia

141
Q

can you use tetracyclines in preg

A

NO

142
Q

What are fluoroquinolones good for

A

-Pne
-UTI
-Travelers diarrhea
-divertic
-chronic prostatitis

143
Q

BBW for floroquinolones

A

tendon rupture

144
Q

can you use a fluroquinolones

A

cat C avoid

145
Q

SE of metronidazole

A

-GI disturbances
-Metallic taste

146
Q

Metronidazole treats

A

-Trichomoniasis
-BV
-Divertic
-Giardia
-Rosacia

147
Q

When is clinamycin used

A

serious infections
purulent cellulitis

148
Q

What is the pt at risk of when takin gclindamycin

A

-fatal colitis
-C. Diff

149
Q

When is vanco indicated

A

-serious infections
-C.diff
-MRSA

150
Q

risks of vanco

A

-ototox
-nephrotox
-red man (IV usually, 5-10 min after)

151
Q

Rifampin used to treat

A

TB- long term use of 9-12mo

152
Q

Serious SE of rifampin

A

-thromobytopenia
-liver tox

153
Q

What drugs can tern secretions red

A

-rifampin
-pyridium

154
Q
A

FNP Board (3 decks)

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