Diagnosis Flashcards
How to make a dx of Migrains w/o aura
2:
-unilateral
-pulsating
-mod/sever
-avoidance of activity
1:
-N/V
-photo/phonaphobia
how to make dx of migraines w/aura
only have to have 2 HA with clear aura descritpion
when is prophylatic migrane meds used
with 4+ migrains per mo
Mainstay of migrane prevention
-lifestyle mods
-BBlockers
Prophylactic migrane meds
-bblockers
-trycyclic antidepressants
-topamax
-depakote
Go to abortive migraine tx
-asa
-tylenol
-caffine
then triptans
Inflammatory markers of are elevated with temporal arteritis
crp and esr
How to treat temporal arteritis
long term steroids 1-2 yrs
symptoms typically resolve quick
Prophylatic drug for cluster HA
verapamil
cluster HA attack abortives
-High flow O2
-imitrex
A thunder clap headache is often associated with
stroke
what are some residual SE of TIA
-paralysis
-aphasia
Treatment for bells palsy
-steroid within 72hrs
-antivirals
-eye ointment
What type of tremor is present with parkinson
resting
when do essential tremmors occur
-occurs with intent
treatment of essential tremors
-bblockers
-regular physical activity
Why is ropinirol useful in parkinson
useful for tremors
SE of consussion
-HA
-Dizziness
-confusion
-sleepiness/lethargy
treatment for mild concussions
-decrease screen time
-rest
-slowly return to activity
potential complications of severe concussions
-hypoxia
-internal bleeding
-death
when is MS frequently dx
20-40yo
pts with MS are at an increased risk of
trigeminal neuralga
how to treat MS
-specialist- DMARDs
S/S of MS
-muscle weakness
-balance issues
-incontinence
-vision complaints (often presenting symptom)
what causes meninigitis
-bacterial
parasite
-virus
S/S of meningitis
-flu like at first (fever, fatigue, body aches)
Then get much sicker:
-confusion
-difficulty walking
-skin rashes
-vomiting.anorexia
-c/o severe HA
-stiff neck
Compications of meningitis
-seizures
-hearing loss
-memory issues
-learning issues
-shock/death
how to dx meningitis
-lumbar puncture (WBC and bacteria in fluid)
absence seizures common in
kids (often accused of daydreaming)
how to dx absence seizures
eeg but hard to catch
S/S of absence seizures
look off and blankly stare for 20-30s or eye flutter
Tx of absence seizure
-outgrow
Tonic clonic seizure
grandmal
tonic phase
stiffening
clonic phase
jerking
how long do grandmals last
3 mins
(911 if longer than 5)
SNRI examples
-duloxetine
-venlafaxine
SSRI examples
-fluoxetine
-praoxetine
-sertraline
Fluoxetine
-jittery
-long half life
paroxetine
-sedating
-jittery
escitalopram
-quick
-good for anxiety
sertraline
-good for elderly (low SE)
three categories of insomnia
transient <1w
Short term 2-3mo
chronic 3mo+
Non-benzo sleep meds
-ambien
-lunesta
benzo sleep med
xanax
non-modifiable HTN risks
-old
-black
-male
-family hx
S/S HA
-fatigue
-HA
-Vision changes
Normal BP AHA
<120/80
Elevated BP AHA
120-129/<80
Stage one BP AHA
130-139/80-89
Stage two AHA
140+/90+
Goal AHA
<130/80
What are three microvascular complications with HTN
-retinopathy
-nephropathy
-neuropathy
groups that benefit from statins
-high ASCVD risk
-Prior cardiac event
-LDL >190
-DM
-40-75yo
low intensity stating
-pravastatin
-simvastatin
What will CK/CR be in rhabdo
5-10x normal
what causes atypical PNE or “walking pne”
mycoplasma (milder but more persistant)
what causes typical pne
streptococcus PNE
avoid what when treating pne
cough suppresants (expectorants ok)
When to FU pne
8w FU CXR
what is >10 on the CAT assessment
significant daily disruption due to COPD
Group A
CAT <10
0-1 exacerbations
Group A tx
ONE bronchodialator
-SABA- albuterol
or
-LABA- Formoterol
Groub B
CAT >10
0-1 exacerbations
groub B tx
LABA or LAMA (tiotropium)
group c
CAT <10
Many exacerbations
group c tx
LAMA (tiotropium)
(could also do LABA+LAMA)
Group D
Cat >10
Many exacerbations
group d tx
LABA plus LAMA
REFER to PULM
mild COPD exacerbation treatment
-saba
moderate COPD exacerbation treatment
SABA + abx/steroids (macrolide or tetracycline)
Severe COPD exacerbation treatment
admit
Fev1 of >80
intermittent or mild persistnt
fev1 60-80
moderate
fev1 <60
severe (refer)
step 1
FEV1 >80%
Symptoms <2x/mo
ICS-LABA PRN
step 2
Fev1 >80%
symptoms >2x/mo but not daily
ICS daily
Step 3
FEV160-80
symptoms most days NA x1weekly
ICS LABA daily or ICS w/LTRA (singular)
Step 4
Fev1<60
Refer
Medium ddose ICS daily
who is SLE most common in
women of child bearing age 15-45
symptoms of SLE
vague
-fatigue
-joint pain
-mental fog
11 criteria of which 4 must be present for SLE
-malar rash
-discoid rash
-photosensitivity
-oral/nasal ulcers
-arthritis
-cardio/pulm complaints
-renal complaints
-neuro complaints
-immuno disorders
-+ ANA
-heme disorders
what do we need to watch for with lupus
proteinuria
intital old folk levothyroxine dose
12.5-25
initial adult levothyroxine dose
25/50
What is myxedma coma
Severe hypothyroid emergency
s/s of myxedma coma
-low temp
-swelling
-confusion
-lethargy
-difficulty breathing
-coma/death
Which medication can precipitate myxedma coma
-lithium
-amiodarone
hyperthyroidism complications
-heart disease/hf
-osteoporosis
-infertility
S/S of thyroid storm
-hyperthermia
-tachy
-HTN
cause of thyroid storm in hyperthyroidism
-infection, trauma, radioactive iodine
starting metformin dose
500
dialysis at what gfr
<15
BUN is affected by
-hydration and liver
normal HBG
12-18
normal HCT
36-54%
causes of iron deficiency in kids <1yr
cows milk
how is hep b transmitted
-blood
-semen
-body fluid
s/s of hep b
-abdominal pain
-fatigue
-dark urine
-nausea
-jaundice
hep b tx
-often resolves on own but can be chronic
PrEP
-prevention meds
PEP
post-exposure meds
gold standard HIV screening
HIV1/HIV2 antigen antibody immunoassay
(alsa and western blot old)
normal CD4 count
500-1600
CD4 to start antivirals
350 or less
Diagnostic aides CD4
200 or less
macrocytic anemias are always
normochormic
where is malaria found
tropical warm african counteries
how is malaria spread
inscect bites
s/s of malaria
-fever
-fatigue
-HA
-malaise
-joint aches
-n/v
-INCREASED BILI
treatment for active malaria infection
-chloroquine
-malarone