pharm 13-17

Question 2

Pesticides, Insecticides, Rodenticides

Answer 2

Pesticides kill agricultural pests.
Insecticides kill insects.
Rodenticides kill rodents.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Organophosphorus compounds.

Question 3

Decongestants

Answer 3

-Relieve congestion (Inflammation and
swelling of mucous membranes)
-vasoconstrictors
-common cold and rhinitis
 Phenylephrine
 Pseudoephedrine

Question 4

Antacids

Answer 4

lower acidity
treatment of hyperchlorhydria
(hyperacidity) and peptic ulcers (gastric and duodenal)
to a pH 4 – 5
 Sodium bicarbonate
 Calcium carbonate
 Magnesium carbonate, hydroxide, and trisilicate
 Bismuth carbonate and hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide and phosphate
سب كاك مكهت بهك الهف
effect is temporary

Question 6

Central Stimulants

Answer 6

-stimulant effect on the central nervous
system (CNS).
“Amphetamine” and “Caffeine”
-act especially on the respiratory tract are called analeptics
e.g. “Nikethamide
mountain climbers

Question 7

Antimicrobial agents

Answer 7

fight microbes or microorganisms

Question 8

Antifungal drugs (Antimycotics)

Answer 8

inhibit growth of fungi (fungistatics),
or kill them (fungicides)
moulds and yeasts

Amphotericin
 Fluconazole
Nystatin

Question 9

Mydriatics and Miotics

Answer 9

Mydriatics
-dilate the pupil
e.g. Atropine
to examine the fundus
Miotics
-constrict the pupil
e.g. Pilocarpine
to treat glaucoma

Question 10

Antibacterial drugs

Answer 10

” bacteriostatics “ or “ bactericidal “
Systemic antibacterial drugs (e.g. Sulphonamides,
penicillins
being absorbed in blood
Antiseptics or disinfectants :
upon contact
o Alcohol
o Povidone-Iodine
o Hydrogen peroxide
o Potassium permanganate
o chlorhexidine

Question 11

Oxytocics

Answer 11

 Stimulate uterus
classified into 2 groups:
❖Oxytocin from posterior pituitary
❖Ergot alkaloids
 Eg. Ergometrine and Ergotamine
 Ergotamine is used in migraine
 Ergometrine used for contracting the uterus

Question 14

Tranquilizers

Answer 14

-calm and relaxation
-treatment of psychic and neurotic conditions such as mania, schizophrenia, hysteria.
-clinically
useful properties
Chlorpromazine (anti-emetic )
olanzapine

Question 15

Tonics

Answer 15

improve the tone of the body
 e.g. Cardiotonics drugs acting on heart
muscle to increase its tonicity.
 Digitalis glycosides (Digoxin, Digitoxin)

Question 17

Antiviral drugs

Answer 17

against viruses
mainly “viricides”, but also they “virustatics”
 Interferons
 Acyclovi

Question 18

Rubefacients (Counterirritants)

Answer 18

act locally on the skin
to induce hyperemia ( increase blood flow)
comfort, warmth
sometimes itching

 e.g. Capsicum, Methyl salicylate