Chem 7-9 Flashcards
It is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances.
Solution
The dissolving substance,
solvent.
The substance being dissolved in the solvent
solute.
is the Latin term for water
Aqua
When water is the solvent we say it is an
aqueous solution
the molecules or ions are so small (less
than 1 nm) that they cannot be seen and will remain dispersed in the liquid.
true solution
the solvents has only a small quantity of solute dissolved in it
Dilute solution
that are used in the clinical laboratory
are purchased from laboratory supply houses
Concentrated acids
the clinical laboratory, “water” always refers to
distilled water.
It is the number of moles of solute per Kg of solvent
Molality
one mole of solute plus 1000 ml of solvent
Molality
a hydrogen ion donor
An acid
hydrogen ion acceptor or recipient.
base
is always one of the products of a reaction between an
acid and a base
Water
is formed by the positive ion
of a base and the negative ion of
an acid.
A salt
Reaction between an acid and a
base
Neutralization reaction:
contains an excess of hydrogen ions (H+).
An acid solution
contains an excess of hydroxyl ions (OH-
)
A basic solution
have an equal number of H+ and OH
Neutral solution:
devised a scale for telling us the acidity or
alkalinity of a solution
, Sorenson
scale for telling us the acidity or
alkalinity of a solution.
pH scale
pH is read as
potency of hydrogen ion.
pH is a measure of
the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution.
the amount of solute per liter of
solution.
Concentration
The equilibrium constant corresponding to the ionisation of
an acid is known as the
ionisation constant
The strength of a base is its ability to react with proton.
Kb (basicity constant).
are chemicals that change colour with change
in hydrogen ion concentration.
Indicators
: Substances that prevent pH changes in a solution
Buffers
: A solution that resists changes in pH as a
result of addition of small amounts of acid or alkali.
Buffer solution
The resistance of a solution to changes in pH
upon addition of small amounts of acid or alkali.
Buffer Action:
is composed of a weak acid and the salt formed
when the weak acid reacted with a strong base
A buffer pair
The number of moles of strong acid or strong
base required to change the pH of one litre of the buffer solution
by one pH unit
Buffer Capacity:
Solutions of weak acid and a salt of the weak acid
(Acidic Buffers)
Solutions of a weak base and a salt of the weak base
(Basic Buffers)
Decrease in the basic (B) portion of the buffer
system.
Acidosis
Increase in the basic portion of the buffer.
Alkalosis
