PHARM Flashcards
List the 5 topical glaucoma meds
beta blocker
alpha-2 agonist
CAI
prostaglandin
cholinergics
Which 3 glaucoma meds REDUCE aqueous production
Beta-blockers
alpha-2 agonist
CAI
which 2 glaucoma meds INCREASE aqueous outflow
prostaglandin
cholinergics
what are some SE of beta blockers
mask diabetic hypoglycemic response
arrhythmia, bradycardia, hypotension
asthma, bronchospasms
what are some SE of alpha-2 agnoist
follicular conjunctivitis
HA, fatigue, muscle pain
dry mouth/nose
3 SE of CAIs
bitter taste
ocular burning
sula allergies
4 SE of prostaglandins
ocular burning/redness
darkening iris
eyelash growth (hypertrichosis)
orbital fat atrophy
4 SE of cholinergics (pilocarpine)
brow ache
neurologic
parasympathetic effects
higher rate of retinal detachment (rhetorical)
which of the topical glaucoma meds also induces miosis? hint: this is also the last class that is used w/ glaucoma
cholinergics– they stretch the trabecular meshwork
name your 6 penicillins
penicillin
amoxicillin– extended
ampicillin– extended
zosyn— IV
augmentin– broad
dicloxacillin
what two ingredients make up augmentin
amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
what two ingredients make up zosyn
piperacillin + tazobactam
penicillin is used against….. (4 things)
streptococcus
GP anaerobes
GN cocci
spirochetes
Dicloxacillin is used against…
beta-lactamase resistant/antistaphylococcal
MSSA
Augmentin & Zosyn is for what kind of infections?
polymicrobial infxn
intra-abdominal, gynecologic, skin and soft tissue
respiratory infxn
aspiration
Zosyn only– GN, pseudomonas, anaerobes, sensitive GP
Ampicillin is used against…
streptococcus
enterococcus sp
listeria
some GNR
which penicillin meds are used against enterococcus
ampicillin & ampoxicillin
containdications of penicillin
severe allergy hx including hx of SJS w/ penicillin
SE of penicillin class
thrombocytopenia & leukopenia
allergic interstitial nephritis
hyprenatremia
which class can cross-allergic rxns happen w/ penicillin class?
B-lactams esp 1st gen cephalosporins
which penicillin has increased risk of acute kidney injury when combined with vancomycin?
Zosyn
name the ONLY PCN that can be taken WITH food
amoxicillin
which PCN is resistant to beta-lactamase?
dicloxacillin
MOA of PCN & cephalosporin classes
inactivate PBP to stop cell wall synthesis
bactericidal, time-dependent
kidney elimination– reduce dose in CKD
name the two 1st gen cephalosporins
cephalexin and cefazolin
FA/PHA
name the three 2nd gen cephalosporins
cefprozil
cefuroxime
cefoxitin
1st gen cephalosporin coverage
MMSA, Streptococcus
PEK
2nd gen cephalosporin coverage
MSSA, Streptococcus
HeNPEK (includes Haemophilus & Neisseria)
cefotoxin– anaerobes
contraindication for ALL cephalosporins
NOT for ppl w/ anaphylactic rxn or SJS hx with PCN or other cephalosporin (esp 3rd gen)
are 1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th gens broad or narrow?
1st– narrow
2nd— extended
3rd & 4th— broad
which cephalosporin class is best for GP coverage?
1st gen
also has highest rate of cross-reactivity w/ PCN
clinical indications for 1st gen cephalosporins
surgical prophylaxis
GP skin infection
pneumococcal resp. infxn
UTI
staph infection (bacteremia)
name the ONLY cephalosporin that is cleared by the liver
ceftriaxone (3rd gen)
clinical indications for 2nd gen cephalosporins
CAP
skin infxn, other resp infxn
mixed aerobic/anaerobic infxn
which 2nd gen cephalosporin includes anaerobic coverage
cefoxitin
which generation of cephalosporin does not cover S. Aureus?
3rd gen
name the four 3rd gen cephalosporins
cefdinir
cefpodoxime
ceftriaxone
ceftazidime
broad spectrum
spectrum for 3rd gen cephalosporins
IT DROPS MSSA
keeps streptococcus & HeNPEK
adds Moraxella
which 3rd gen cephalosporin also covers pseudomonas?
ceftazidime
can use for complicated UTI or w/ metronidazole
which 3rd gen cephalosporin also covers meningitis?
ceftriaxone
clinical indicators for 3rd gen
nocosomial infxn
rest is same as 2nd gen
name the only 4th gen cephalosporin
cefepime
spectrum for cefepime
pseudomonas
aerobic GN
clinical indications for cefepime
intra-abd, skin/soft tissue infxn
CAP, HABP/VABP, complicated UTI
peritonitis, neutropenic fever
sepsis/septic shock
which cephalosporin generation has the best GN coverage
4th gen- cefepime
name the only 5th gen cephalosporin
ceftaroline
name the only cephalosporin that covers MRSA
ceftaroline (5th gen)
