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OPHTHO > PHARM > Flashcards

PHARM Flashcards

1
Q

List the 5 topical glaucoma meds

A

beta blocker
alpha-2 agonist
CAI
prostaglandin
cholinergics

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2
Q

Which 3 glaucoma meds REDUCE aqueous production

A

Beta-blockers
alpha-2 agonist
CAI

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3
Q

which 2 glaucoma meds INCREASE aqueous outflow

A

prostaglandin
cholinergics

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4
Q

what are some SE of beta blockers

A

mask diabetic hypoglycemic response
arrhythmia, bradycardia, hypotension
asthma, bronchospasms

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5
Q

what are some SE of alpha-2 agnoist

A

follicular conjunctivitis
HA, fatigue, muscle pain
dry mouth/nose

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6
Q

3 SE of CAIs

A

bitter taste
ocular burning
sula allergies

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7
Q

4 SE of prostaglandins

A

ocular burning/redness
darkening iris
eyelash growth (hypertrichosis)
orbital fat atrophy

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8
Q

4 SE of cholinergics (pilocarpine)

A

brow ache
neurologic
parasympathetic effects
higher rate of retinal detachment (rhetorical)

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9
Q

which of the topical glaucoma meds also induces miosis? hint: this is also the last class that is used w/ glaucoma

A

cholinergics– they stretch the trabecular meshwork

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10
Q

name your 6 penicillins

A

penicillin
amoxicillin– extended
ampicillin– extended
zosyn— IV
augmentin– broad
dicloxacillin

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11
Q

what two ingredients make up augmentin

A

amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

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12
Q

what two ingredients make up zosyn

A

piperacillin + tazobactam

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13
Q

penicillin is used against….. (4 things)

A

streptococcus
GP anaerobes
GN cocci
spirochetes

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14
Q

Dicloxacillin is used against…

A

beta-lactamase resistant/antistaphylococcal
MSSA

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15
Q

Augmentin & Zosyn is for what kind of infections?

A

polymicrobial infxn
intra-abdominal, gynecologic, skin and soft tissue
respiratory infxn
aspiration

Zosyn only– GN, pseudomonas, anaerobes, sensitive GP

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16
Q

Ampicillin is used against…

A

streptococcus
enterococcus sp
listeria
some GNR

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17
Q

which penicillin meds are used against enterococcus

A

ampicillin & ampoxicillin

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18
Q

containdications of penicillin

A

severe allergy hx including hx of SJS w/ penicillin

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19
Q

SE of penicillin class

A

thrombocytopenia & leukopenia
allergic interstitial nephritis
hyprenatremia

20
Q

which class can cross-allergic rxns happen w/ penicillin class?

A

B-lactams esp 1st gen cephalosporins

21
Q

which penicillin has increased risk of acute kidney injury when combined with vancomycin?

A

Zosyn

22
Q

name the ONLY PCN that can be taken WITH food

A

amoxicillin

23
Q

which PCN is resistant to beta-lactamase?

A

dicloxacillin

24
Q

MOA of PCN & cephalosporin classes

A

inactivate PBP to stop cell wall synthesis
bactericidal, time-dependent
kidney elimination– reduce dose in CKD

25
Q

name the two 1st gen cephalosporins

A

cephalexin and cefazolin

FA/PHA

26
Q

name the three 2nd gen cephalosporins

A

cefprozil
cefuroxime
cefoxitin

27
Q

1st gen cephalosporin coverage

A

MMSA, Streptococcus
PEK

28
Q

2nd gen cephalosporin coverage

A

MSSA, Streptococcus
HeNPEK (includes Haemophilus & Neisseria)

cefotoxin– anaerobes

29
Q

contraindication for ALL cephalosporins

A

NOT for ppl w/ anaphylactic rxn or SJS hx with PCN or other cephalosporin (esp 3rd gen)

30
Q

are 1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th gens broad or narrow?

A

1st– narrow
2nd— extended
3rd & 4th— broad

31
Q

which cephalosporin class is best for GP coverage?

A

1st gen
also has highest rate of cross-reactivity w/ PCN

32
Q

clinical indications for 1st gen cephalosporins

A

surgical prophylaxis
GP skin infection
pneumococcal resp. infxn
UTI
staph infection (bacteremia)

33
Q

name the ONLY cephalosporin that is cleared by the liver

A

ceftriaxone (3rd gen)

34
Q

clinical indications for 2nd gen cephalosporins

A

CAP
skin infxn, other resp infxn
mixed aerobic/anaerobic infxn

35
Q

which 2nd gen cephalosporin includes anaerobic coverage

A

cefoxitin

36
Q

which generation of cephalosporin does not cover S. Aureus?

A

3rd gen

37
Q

name the four 3rd gen cephalosporins

A

cefdinir
cefpodoxime
ceftriaxone
ceftazidime

broad spectrum

38
Q

spectrum for 3rd gen cephalosporins

A

IT DROPS MSSA
keeps streptococcus & HeNPEK
adds Moraxella

39
Q

which 3rd gen cephalosporin also covers pseudomonas?

A

ceftazidime

can use for complicated UTI or w/ metronidazole

40
Q

which 3rd gen cephalosporin also covers meningitis?

A

ceftriaxone

41
Q

clinical indicators for 3rd gen

A

nocosomial infxn
rest is same as 2nd gen

42
Q

name the only 4th gen cephalosporin

A

cefepime

43
Q

spectrum for cefepime

A

pseudomonas
aerobic GN

44
Q

clinical indications for cefepime

A

intra-abd, skin/soft tissue infxn
CAP, HABP/VABP, complicated UTI
peritonitis, neutropenic fever
sepsis/septic shock

45
Q

which cephalosporin generation has the best GN coverage

A

4th gen- cefepime

46
Q

name the only 5th gen cephalosporin

A

ceftaroline

47
Q

name the only cephalosporin that covers MRSA

A

ceftaroline (5th gen)

OPHTHO (6 decks)

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