PHA 619 - Mucilage, Elixirs Flashcards
Thick, viscid, adhesive liquids made by dispersing gum in water or extracting the mucilaginous principle from a vegetable substance with water
Mucilage
It is prone to decomposition and should never be made in large quantities that can be used immediately unless a preservative is added
Mucilage
Examples of Mucilage (A,T,K,G)
Acacia, Tragacanth, Karaya, Ghatti
It is employed to give adhesiveness in pill masses and in mixtures to hold in suspension insoluble ingredients
Mucilage
Used in making troches
Mucilage
Scientific name of Tragacanth
Astragalus gummifer Labill.
Scientific name of Acacia
Acacia senegal
Category of Acacia Mucilage
Mucilage
Synonyms of Acacia Mucilage (M,M)
Mucilage of Gum Arabic, Mucilage Acaciae
A thick, adhesive liquid with light brown color
Acacia Mucilage
Used as demulcent and a suspending agent
Acacia Mucilage
It is unstable and prone to decomposition
Acacia Mucilage
Clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquid intended for oral use containing the flavoring substance or active medicinal agent
Elixirs
Primary solvents are alcohol and water
Elixirs
Additional solvent and/or sweetening agent for elixirs
Glycerin, sorbitol and syrup
Types of Elixirs
Medicated and Non-medicated
An elixir with therapeutic effect
Medicated Elixir
An elixir used as flavor and vehicle and is diluted using existing elixir
Non-medicated Elixir
Most common solvent used
Purified water, USP
pH of solvent Purified water, USP
pH 5 to 7
Methods of manufacturing a purified water, USP (D, I, R)
Distillation, Ion-exchange treatment, Reverse osmosis
94.9-95% Ethanol
Alcohol, USP
Primary solvent for organic compounds- accentuate the saline taste of bromides and similar salts
Alcohol, USP
Used for the ingredients that are not soluble in water
Alcohol, USP
Percent of self-preservation of Alcohol, USP
10-12% self-preserving
Percentage limit of Alcohol, USP
5-40% limit
Use as a vehicle or for their therapeutic effect
Alcohol, USP
Miscible with water and alcohol
Propylene glycol
Viscous liquid
Propylene glycol
Can be used as substitute for glycerin and alcohol
Propylene glycol
Methods preparation of an Elixir
Agitation without the aid of heat and Admixture of 2 or more liquids
Category of Iso-alcoholic elixir
Non medicated elixir
Synonym of Iso-alcoholic elixir
Iso-elixir
Clear colorless, hydroalcoholic solution
Iso-alcoholic elixir
General vehicle for various medicaments that requires solvent of different alcohol strength
Iso-alcoholic elixir
Low Alcoholic Elixir: Undiluted
0-10%
Low Alcoholic Elixir: 4 volumes
10-20%
Low Alcoholic Elixir: 3 volumes
20-30%
Low Alcoholic Elixir: 2 volumes
30-40%
Low Alcoholic Elixir: 1 volume
40-50%; 50-60%; 60-70%
(In HAE, 1 volume; 2 volume; 3 volume)
Low Alcoholic Elixir: None
70% or more
High Alcoholic Elixir: None
0-10%
High Alcoholic Elixir: 1 volume
10-20%; 20-30%; 30-40%, 40-50%
(In LAE, 4 volumes; 3 volumes; 2 volumes; 1 volume)
High Alcoholic Elixir: 2 volumes
50-60%
High Alcoholic Elixir: 3 volumes
60-70%
High Alcoholic Elixir: Undiluted
70% or more
Category of Terpin Hydrate Elixir
Medicated Elixir
Synonyms of Terpin Hydrate Elixir (E, T)
Elixir Terpin Hydrate, Terpinol Elixir
Colorless with striations and contains 43% alcohol
Terpin Hydrate Elixir
Used as an expectorant
Terpin Hydrate Elixir
Method preparation for Terpin Hydrate Elixir
Agitation without aid of heat
Dilution of this elixir with water causes precipitation
Terpin Hydrate Elixir: terpin hydrate
Example of synthetic mucilage-like substances
Polyvinyl alcohol, Methylcellulose (widely used as bulk), Laxative, Carboxymethylcellulose
Soothes inflamed or abraded mucous membranes and protects them from further irritation
Demulcent
Aid insoluble substances in liquid, their colloidal character prevent immediate sedimentation
Suspending agent
A small tablet or lozenge, usually a
circular one, made of medicinal substance worked into a paste with sugar and mucilage or the like, and dried
Troche
For cod liver oil and other substances
Emulsifying agent
A clear, pleasantly-flavored, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquid intended for oral use containing flavoring substance or active medicinal agent
Elixir
Used to increase the solubility of the drug substance in the dosage form
Elixir
In terpin hydrate elixir, orange peel tincture is used as
flavoring agent
In terpin hydrate elixir, benzaldehyde is used as
preservative
In terpin hydrate elixir, glycerin and sugar are used as
thickening agent and sweetening agent
Manner of addition to prevent turbidity in Iso-alcoholic elixir
High to low
In mucilage, what is the natural gum used
Acacia
In mucilage, what is the preservative used
Benzoic acid
True or False: When Iso-alcoholic elixir is specified in a prescription, the proportion of its 2 ingredients to be used is that which produce a solution of the required alcohol strength.
True
