PHA 619 LAB Aromatic Waters, Solutions, and Syrups Flashcards by CZARINA NICOLE DE GUZMAN

Q

Liquid preparation, which contains one or more substances
dissolved in a suitable solvent

A

Solutions

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Q

Advantages of Solutions:

Mnemonic: CIF

A

Completely homogenous base
Immediate availability for absorption
Flexibility (dose, route)

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Q

Simplest and most common liquid preparation

A

Solutions

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Q

Disadvantages of Solutions:

Mnemonic: DM

A

Degrade more rapidly
More likely to interact with constituents

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Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Very Soluble

A

<1

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Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Freely Soluble

A

1-10

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Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Soluble

A

10-30

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Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Sparingly Soluble

A

30-100

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Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Slightly Soluble

A

100-1,000

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Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Very Slightly Soluble

A

1,000-10,000

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Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Insoluble

A

> 10,000

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Q

Most commonly used solvent

A

Water

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Q

Type of Water:
Obtained by distillation, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, etc.

A

Purified Water, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
Used in preparation of aqueous dosage forms EXCEPT for parenterals

A

Purified Water, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
Purified water FREE of pyrogens

A

Water for injection, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
Obtained by distillation or reverse osmosis

A

Water for injection, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
Used for parenteral that are to be sterilized after preparation

A

Water for injection, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
Used for already sterilized and packaged medication

A

Sterile water for injection, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
SWFI that contains antimicrobial agent

A

Bacteriostatic water for injection, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
Not for parenteral

A

Sterile water for Inhalation, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
WFI sterilized and suitably packaged

A

Sterile water for Irrigation, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
“For irrigation use only, not for injection”

A

Sterile water for Irrigation, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
Agua Oxinada

A

Sterile water for Irrigation, USP

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Q

Type of Water:
Burrow’s Solution (Aluminum Acetate Solution)

A

Sterile water for Irrigation, USP

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Two Examples of Aqueous Liquids: Aromatic Water

Cinnamon Water and Concentrated Peppermint Water

Clear saturated aqueous solution of volatile oil or other aromatic or volatile substance

Aromatic water

Odors or taste are the same as those of the drug or volatile substance from which they are prepared and should be free from empyreumatic and other foreign odor

Aromatic water

Generally used as flavored and perfumed vehicle

Aromatic water

Volatile substances used should be of pharmacopeial quality or the best quality if finest flavor is desire in case of unofficial preparation

Aromatic water

Stability of Aromatic Water Mnemonic: 2P2D

Preparations are not permanently stable Protection from excessive light and heat Deterioration may be due to volatilization Decomposition/ mold growth/ producing cloudy preparation/ disagreeable odor

Slowest, most expensive method but the most satisfactory method of preparation

Distillation Preparation

Example of aromatic water that underwent through distillation process

Strong rose water

Type of distillation when distillate is returned several times to distill with fresh portions of flower

Cohobation

Double distillate, triple or quadruple minimizes ______

loss of water-soluble components

Orange/ Rose flowers

Cohobation

The most frequently employed process of preparing aromatic water

Alternate Solution Method

True or False: The dispersing agent decreases the surface of volatile substance ensuring more rapid saturation of water and forms an efficient filter bed thus producing a turbid solution

False The dispersing agent INCREASES the surface of volatile substance ensuring more rapid saturation of water and forms an efficient filter bed thus producing a CLEAR solution

Examples of Distilled Beverages Mnemonic: BRWW

Brandy - distilled wine Rhum - molasses Wine - mild stimulant and tonic Whiskey - malted grain

Brandy: ___

distilled wine

Rhum: ___

molasses

Wine: ___

mild stimulant and tonic

Whiskey: ___

malted grain

A method that saves time and equipment but do not agitate when drawing aromatic water if the excess volatile oil is allowed to remain

Direct Solution Method

Liquid preparation that contain one or several soluble chemical substance dissolve in suitable solvent or mixture of mutual miscible liquids

Solution

Two components of Solution

Solvent and Solute

The one that is being dissolves

Solute

The one that dissolves

Solvent

Prepared by dissolving the solute in a suitable solvent

Simple Solution

Examples of simple solutions

NaCl solution, Strong Iodine Solution

Prepared by reacting two or more solute with each other in a suitable solvent

Solutions by Chemical Reaction

Examples of simple solutions by chemical reaction Mnemonic: AMS

Aluminum subacetate solution, Magnesium citrate solution, Sulfurated lime solution

If the solute is a volatile oil

Solution by Distillation

Drug or pharmaceutical necessities of vegetable or animal origin, also called extractives

Solution by Extraction

Method of Extraction: Submerging of solute

Maceration

Method of Extraction: Using percolator

Percolation

Method of Extraction: Aid of gentle heat

Digestion

Method of Extraction: Blanching, addition of hot water

Infusion

Method of Extraction: Boiling for 15 min

Decoction

Solvent used for extraction

Menstrum

Inert fibrous material and other insoluble materials remaining after extraction

Marc

Preparation of liquid (tinctures), semisolid (soft extracts), or solid (dry extracts)

Extracts

Category of Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

Topical solution

Clear, colorless solution with an alkaline taste

Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

Synonym of Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

Lime water

Uses of Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

Employed with other ingredients in dermatological solution and lotion Astringent As protector in lotion preparation and an emulsifying agent

Method of preparation used in preparing Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

The method preparation was simple method

True or False: Undissolved portion is not suitable for preparation of additional quantity of Ca(OH)2 solution to ensure saturated solution.

True

Bottle should be filled up to the ___

brim

True or False: The solution (Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution) should be stored in well-filled, tightly stoppered containers to deter the adsorption of CO2 and should be kept in a cool place to maintain an adequate concentration of dissolved solute.

False The solution (Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution) should be stored in well-filled, tightly stoppered containers to deter the ABSORPTION of CO2 and should be kept in a cool place to maintain an adequate concentration of dissolved solute.

Category of Strong Iodine Solution

Topical Solution

Synonym of Strong Iodine Solution

Lugol’s solution, Iodine Potassium Iodide, Liquor iodi, Aqueous Iodine Solution Learning Tool: LILA

A liquid with a deep brown color and odor of iodine

Strong Iodine Solution

Uses of Strong Iodine Solution

Treatment of thyrotoxicosis Antigoiterogenic Germicidal and fungicidal Antiseptic Keratolytic Learning Tool: KAGAT

Method of preparation used in preparing Strong Iodine Solution

The method preparation was simple method

Why does porcelain spatula is used instead of metal spatula?

In weighing the iodine crystals, use porcelain spatula instead of stainless because it reacts with metal

True or False: KI is used as solubilizing agent

True

Category of Magnesium Citrate Solution

Saline catarthic

Synonyms of Magnesium Citrate Solution

Citrate, Citrate of magnesia, Magnessi citralis, Lemonada purgante Learning Tool: C Czarina ay Maganda at Loveable AYYEE

It is a colorless to slightly yellow, clear effervescent liquid having a sweet acidulous taste and a lemon flavor

Magnesium Citrate Solution

Uses of Magnesium Citrate Solution

Saline cathartic, increases water in the intestines, which may induce defecation

It is a naturally occurring material

Magnesium (Mg)

It is important for many systems in the body especially the muscles and nerves

Magnesium (Mg)

It acts as a natural calcium blocker to help muscles relax

Magnesium (Mg)

Method of preparation used in preparing Magnesium Citrate Solution

The method of preparation used was chemical reaction

A method done to the bottle to prevent the growth of microorganism

Sterilizing

True or False: Magnesium Citrate Solution has always been simple to do because it has a tendency to deposit a crystalline solid upon standing that is due to the formation of some almost insoluble normal Mg citrate.

False Magnesium Citrate Solution has always been a "troublesome" because it has a tendency to deposit a crystalline solid upon standing. This is due to the formation of some almost insoluble normal Mg citrate.

True or False: The cause of the problem in Magnesium Citrate Solution has largely attributed to the indefinite composition of the official MgCO3 which by definition is a acidic hydrated MgCO3 or a normal hydrated MgCO3

False The cause of the problem in Magnesium Citrate Solution has largely attributed to the indefinite composition of the official MgCO3 which by definition is a BASIC hydrated MgCO3 or a normal hydrated MgCO3

The solution that provides an excellent medium for the growth of molds, and any mold spores present during the manufacture of the solution that must be killed for the preparation to remain stable

Magnesium Citrate Solution

True or False: During the preparation of Magnesium Citrate Solution, liquid is heated to boiling (prior to carbonation); boiled water is employed to bring the solution to its proper volume

True

Ways to prevent contamination in Magnesium Citrate Solution

Sterilizing the bottle, or rinsing the bottle with boiling water, or sterilizing the final solution

True or False: Mg citrate solution is stored in a hot place keeping the bottle on its side so the cork or rubber liner of the cap is kept moist or swollen, thereby maintaining the airtight seal between the cap and the bottle

False Mg citrate solution is stored in a cold place, preferably in a refrigerator, keeping the bottle on its side so the cork or rubber liner of the cap is kept moist or swollen, thereby maintaining the airtight seal between the cap and the bottle

A concentrated solution of a sugar usually sucrose in water

Syrup

3 kinds of syrup

1. Simple Syrup 2. Medicated Syrup 3. Flavored Syrup

it is a clear, concentrated, sweet, aqueous, hypertonic solution of sugar with striations

Simple syrup

Aqueous solution of sucrose that contains pharmaceutically active ingredient and has a therapeutic effect

Medicated Syrup

Ferrous sulfate, Ipecac is an example of what type of syrup

Medicated Syrup

It contains aromatic and pleasantly flavored substance and is intended as a vehicle or flavor for prescription

Flavored/Non-Medicated Syrup

A type of syrup that does not contain an active ingredient

Flavored/Non-Medicated Syrup

An example of syrup that masks the bitter taste of alkaloids

Glycyrrhiza syrup

A type is syrup that is used to serve as flavorant

Chocolate syrup

A fast method wherein sucrose is added to water and heated until solution is effected

Agitation with Heat

True or False: Excessive heating will cause inversion of sucrose --> glucose + fructose (sweeter, with a decreased tendency to ferment)

False Excessive heating will cause inversion of sucrose --> glucose + fructose (sweeter, with an INCREASED tendency to ferment)

True or False: Overheating (>100) --> caramelize, yellowish to blackish in color

False Overheating (>100) --> caramelize, yellowish to brownish in color

Acacia syrup, cocoa syrup is done through what type of method of preparation of syrup

Agitation with Heat

A method preparation of syrup that avoids heat-induced inversion

Agitation without Heat

A method preparation of syrup used for substances that are heat-sensitive

Agitation without Heat

A method preparation of syrup that is slowest, time-consuming

Agitation without Heat

Example of syrup that is produced through agitation without heat method

Ferrous Sulfate syrup

It permits the purified water to pass slowly through a bed of crystalline sucrose to dissolve it

Percolation (Examples: Tolu Balsam, Syrup NF)

It involves the simple admixture of sugar to a prepared medicated liquid; not self-preserving

Addition of sucrose to medicated liquid

An example of syrup (Addition of sucrose to medicated liquid)

Senna Syrup

Components of Syrup

* The sugar, usually sucrose or sugar substitute * Antimicrobial preservatives * Flavorants * Colorants Also, many types of syrups contain special solvents, solubilizing agents, thickeners or stabilizers Learning Tool: CFAT (College of Fine Arts and Tesign)

True or False: Many types of syrups contain special solvents, solubilizing agents, thickeners or stabilizers

True

Specific gravity of simple syrup

1.313

The concentration of simple syrup should be?

The concentration of syrup should be 85% w/v or 65% w/w

What percent of concentration makes the syrup self-preserving due to high osmotic pressure

60-80% w/w ↓60% concentration prone to microbial growth ↑85% concentration can crystallize the sucrose present

Synonyms of Simple Syrup

Syrupus, Sirup, syrup

It is clear solution of sucrose in purified water

Simple Syrup

Uses of Simple Syrup

Sweetening agent and a sweet vehicle and as basis for many flavored and medicated syrup

Synonyms of Chocolate Syrup

Cacao Syrup, Chocolate Flavored Syrup

A viscous, dark brown syrup with the odor and taste of cocoa

Chocolate Syrup

It is used as flavored vehicle

Chocolate Syrup

True or False: Cocoa containing NMT 15% non-volatile ether soluble extractives or fats yields syrup having a minimum tendency to separate

False Cocoa containing NMT 12% non-volatile ether soluble extractives or fats yields syrup having a minimum tendency to separate

Preservatives added to prevent bacterial and mold growth when sucrose concentration is low

Sodium benzoate and glycerin