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public health > PH3 > Flashcards

PH3 Flashcards

1
Q

data analysis DEF

A

application statistical tests to data

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2
Q

interpretation DEF

A

explains results

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3
Q

why is biostatistics used in dental hygiene

A

response to DH therapy

  • test products and treatments
  • needs of target populations
  • evaluates oral health treatment
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4
Q

causes invalid research; number of subjects

A

insufficient

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5
Q

causes invalid research; too long duration?

A

no, too short

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6
Q

causes invalid research; incorrect measurements

A

yes

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7
Q

causes invalid research; correct procedures utilized

A

no, incorrect procedures utilized

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8
Q

causes invalid research; incorrect statistical tests

A

yes

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9
Q

2 categorizing data

A

quantitive

qualitative

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10
Q

quantitive uses

A

numbers

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11
Q

qualitative uses

A

observations

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12
Q

qualitative data uses

A

categorial variables

dichotomous variables

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13
Q

quantitive data uses

A

continuous variables

discrete variables

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14
Q

qualitative variables; categorial; have numeric representation?

A

no, no numeric value. just for categorizing

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15
Q

qualitative variables; dichotomous variable places subjects in 2 groups?

A

yes, they ARE or they are NOT

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16
Q

quantitative variables; does continuous have numeric value?

A

yes

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17
Q

quantitative variables; how much numeric value?

A

large/ infinite numbers

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18
Q

what is an example of quantitative variables; continuous

A

height, weight, time..

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19
Q

quantitative variables; discrete is expressed in what kind of numbers

A

whole numbers

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20
Q

4 scales of measurement

A
  • nominal
  • ordinal
  • interval
  • ratio
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21
Q

nominal scale; does it have rank?

A

no and no value

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22
Q

nominal scale; example

A

color of hair; category

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23
Q

ordinal scale; organized how?

A

categories; rank ordered

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24
Q

ordinal scale; does the rank order base on equal value

A

no

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25
Q

ordinal scale; example of rank order with no value.

A

level 4 does not mean twice as hard as level 2

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26
Q

interval scale; organized

A

no meaningful zero point

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27
Q

interval scale; AKA no meaningful zero point

A

arbitrary zero point

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28
Q

interval scale; example

A

30 degrees is not twice as cold as 60 degrees

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29
Q

interval scale; can be added or subtracted

A

yes

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30
Q

ratio scale; organized

A

absolute zero point

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31
Q

ratio scale; can apply all arithmetic?

A

yes

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32
Q

ratio scale; example

A

money, weight, height, number of teeth

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33
Q

mean DEF

A

average

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34
Q

median DEF

A

midpoint

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35
Q

mode DEF

A

value occurs most often

36
Q

what does measuring dispersion do?

A

communicates how much variation is present in a group of data

37
Q

3 measures of dispersion

A
  • range
  • variance
  • standard deviation
38
Q

range is determined by

A

subtracting lowest score from highest score

39
Q

variance represents

A

average distance

40
Q

standard deviation is

A

square root of variance

41
Q

normal distribution AKA

A

gaussian distribution

42
Q

is bell-curve associated with normal distribution

A

yes

43
Q

the smaller the sample size significantly reduces the standard error?

A

no, the large

44
Q

does mean, median and mode equal value?

A

yes

45
Q

what percentage is in ONE SD mean

A

68%

46
Q

what percentage is in TWO SD mean

A

95%

47
Q

what percentage is in THREE SD mean

A

99.7%

48
Q

what is skewing caused by

A

few extreme scores

49
Q

negative skewed distribution; what direction of the “Y”

A

away

50
Q

positive skewed distribution; what direction of the “Y”

A

towards

51
Q

difference between bar graphs and histogram

A

bar graphs have spaces, histo does not

52
Q

bar graph; what does the length of the bar mean?

A

frequency number

53
Q

frequency polygon is what kind of graph

A

connect midpoints of bars of a histogram

54
Q

pie charts are for

A

lay audience

55
Q

r value AKA

A

correlation

56
Q

positive relationship; what values

A

increase and increase

57
Q

inverse relationship; what values

A

increase and decrease

58
Q

inverse AKA

A

negative

59
Q

does r value always have to be a whole number?

A

no

60
Q

r= 1.0

which means

A

perfect positive correlation

61
Q

r= -1.0

A

perfect negative correlation

62
Q

r= -0.50

A

moderate negative correlation

63
Q

r=0.00

A

no correlation

64
Q

r= 0.40

A

low positive correlation

65
Q

null hypothesis AKA

A

negative hypo

66
Q

null hypothesis; what is researcher trying to do?

A

disprove null hypothesis

67
Q

research hypothesis AKA

A

alternative/ positive hypothesis

68
Q

statistical decision DEF

A

rather to reject or accept the null hypo based on probability

69
Q

P value must always equal what number?

A

EQUAL TO OR LESS than 0.05

70
Q

P value means

A

probability value

71
Q

type error 1 AKA

A

alpha error

72
Q

DEF type 1 error

A

false positive

73
Q

type 1; null hypo is rejected?

A

yes, but it should’ve been accepted

74
Q

type 2 error AKA

A

beta error

75
Q

beta error AKA

A

false negative

76
Q

type 2; null hypo is rejected?

A

no. it should’ve been rejected

77
Q

product and treatment modalities should be based upon what?

A

documented evidence

78
Q

refereed AKA

A

reviewed/ regulated

79
Q

should one take caution when doing research online

A

yes

80
Q

abstract contains

A

over view

81
Q

introduction contains

A

purpose on research study

82
Q

literature review contains

A

current information

83
Q

what is literature review

A

previous studies

84
Q

methodology contains

A

methods and materials

85
Q

statistical significance is

A

P value of equal or less than 0.05

not caused by chance

86
Q

results and discussion contains

A

summary

statistics and data characteristics

87
Q

conclusion and recommendation contains

A

summary

public health (5 decks)

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