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PH3 Flashcards

1
Q

data analysis DEF

A

application statistical tests to data

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2
Q

interpretation DEF

A

explains results

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3
Q

why is biostatistics used in dental hygiene

A

response to DH therapy

  • test products and treatments
  • needs of target populations
  • evaluates oral health treatment
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4
Q

causes invalid research; number of subjects

A

insufficient

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5
Q

causes invalid research; too long duration?

A

no, too short

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6
Q

causes invalid research; incorrect measurements

A

yes

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7
Q

causes invalid research; correct procedures utilized

A

no, incorrect procedures utilized

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8
Q

causes invalid research; incorrect statistical tests

A

yes

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9
Q

2 categorizing data

A

quantitive

qualitative

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10
Q

quantitive uses

A

numbers

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11
Q

qualitative uses

A

observations

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12
Q

qualitative data uses

A

categorial variables

dichotomous variables

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13
Q

quantitive data uses

A

continuous variables

discrete variables

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14
Q

qualitative variables; categorial; have numeric representation?

A

no, no numeric value. just for categorizing

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15
Q

qualitative variables; dichotomous variable places subjects in 2 groups?

A

yes, they ARE or they are NOT

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16
Q

quantitative variables; does continuous have numeric value?

A

yes

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17
Q

quantitative variables; how much numeric value?

A

large/ infinite numbers

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18
Q

what is an example of quantitative variables; continuous

A

height, weight, time..

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19
Q

quantitative variables; discrete is expressed in what kind of numbers

A

whole numbers

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20
Q

4 scales of measurement

A
  • nominal
  • ordinal
  • interval
  • ratio
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21
Q

nominal scale; does it have rank?

A

no and no value

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22
Q

nominal scale; example

A

color of hair; category

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23
Q

ordinal scale; organized how?

A

categories; rank ordered

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24
Q

ordinal scale; does the rank order base on equal value

A

no

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25
ordinal scale; example of rank order with no value.
level 4 does not mean twice as hard as level 2
26
interval scale; organized
no meaningful zero point
27
interval scale; AKA no meaningful zero point
arbitrary zero point
28
interval scale; example
30 degrees is not twice as cold as 60 degrees
29
interval scale; can be added or subtracted
yes
30
ratio scale; organized
absolute zero point
31
ratio scale; can apply all arithmetic?
yes
32
ratio scale; example
money, weight, height, number of teeth
33
mean DEF
average
34
median DEF
midpoint
35
mode DEF
value occurs most often
36
what does measuring dispersion do?
communicates how much variation is present in a group of data
37
3 measures of dispersion
- range - variance - standard deviation
38
range is determined by
subtracting lowest score from highest score
39
variance represents
average distance
40
standard deviation is
square root of variance
41
normal distribution AKA
gaussian distribution
42
is bell-curve associated with normal distribution
yes
43
the smaller the sample size significantly reduces the standard error?
no, the large
44
does mean, median and mode equal value?
yes
45
what percentage is in ONE SD mean
68%
46
what percentage is in TWO SD mean
95%
47
what percentage is in THREE SD mean
99.7%
48
what is skewing caused by
few extreme scores
49
negative skewed distribution; what direction of the "Y"
away
50
positive skewed distribution; what direction of the "Y"
towards
51
difference between bar graphs and histogram
bar graphs have spaces, histo does not
52
bar graph; what does the length of the bar mean?
frequency number
53
frequency polygon is what kind of graph
connect midpoints of bars of a histogram
54
pie charts are for
lay audience
55
r value AKA
correlation
56
positive relationship; what values
increase and increase
57
inverse relationship; what values
increase and decrease
58
inverse AKA
negative
59
does r value always have to be a whole number?
no
60
r= 1.0 | which means
perfect positive correlation
61
r= -1.0
perfect negative correlation
62
r= -0.50
moderate negative correlation
63
r=0.00
no correlation
64
r= 0.40
low positive correlation
65
null hypothesis AKA
negative hypo
66
null hypothesis; what is researcher trying to do?
disprove null hypothesis
67
research hypothesis AKA
alternative/ positive hypothesis
68
statistical decision DEF
rather to reject or accept the null hypo based on probability
69
P value must always equal what number?
EQUAL TO OR LESS than 0.05
70
P value means
probability value
71
type error 1 AKA
alpha error
72
DEF type 1 error
false positive
73
type 1; null hypo is rejected?
yes, but it should've been accepted
74
type 2 error AKA
beta error
75
beta error AKA
false negative
76
type 2; null hypo is rejected?
no. it should've been rejected
77
product and treatment modalities should be based upon what?
documented evidence
78
refereed AKA
reviewed/ regulated
79
should one take caution when doing research online
yes
80
abstract contains
over view
81
introduction contains
purpose on research study
82
literature review contains
current information
83
what is literature review
previous studies
84
methodology contains
methods and materials
85
statistical significance is
P value of equal or less than 0.05 | not caused by chance
86
results and discussion contains
summary | statistics and data characteristics
87
conclusion and recommendation contains
summary

public health (5 decks)

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