pH and Periodicity

Question 1

What are acids

Answer 1

• Low pH
• Product hydrogen ions in water (H+)
• React with metals, bases, and carbonates to form salts
• Include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, ethanoic acid, and citric acid

Question 2

What are bases

Answer 2

• Low pH
• React with acids to form salts and water
• Tend to be metal oxides or hydroxides
• Include sodioum hydroxide, copper (II), and ammonia

Question 3

What are alkali

Answer 3

• Bases that dissolve in water
• Produce hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 4

What does concentration and dilute mean

Answer 4

Concentrate: high number of hydrogen ions in set volume

Dilute: low number of hydrogen ion in set volume (lots of water)

Question 5

Explain neutralisaiton

Answer 5

Acid + Base –> Salt + water

Question 6

What are spectator ions

Answer 6

Ions in reaction that create salt

Question 7

What are groups and periods in the periodic table

Answer 7

Groups = column

Period = rows

Question 8

What are alkali metals

Answer 8

• First group
• React with water to make H2
• Reactivity increases down the table as distance between nucleus and outermost shell increases

Question 9

What are halogens

Answer 9

• Group 7
• Gases
• Diatomic (two covalently bonded atoms)
• Reactivity decreases down the table as distance between nucleus and outermost shell decreases
• Full outer shells

Question 10

What are alkaline earth metals

Answer 10

• Group two
• React with water very slowly
• Reactivity increases down the group but on the same period, right is less reactive

Question 11

What are the properties of metals

Answer 11

• Found on left-hand side of periodic table
• All form positie ions by losing electrons
• Losing electrons = oxidation
• Gaining electrons = reduction
• Metals have emtallic bonds
• Malleable: same sized electrons
• Conductivity: sea of electrons to pass electricity
• Shiny when cut or polished
• Sonorous
• High melting and boiling point due to strong bonds
• Strong