pg. 41-45 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Flashcards
-a chemical substances that prevents the growth & development of microorganism
ANTISEPTICS
-a high molecular-weight substance (usually a protein) which, when foreign to the bloodstream of the animal, stimulates formation of a specific antibody.
ANTIGEN
-a protein substance developed or synthesized by lymphoid tissues of the body in response to an antigenic stimulus; each elicits production of a specific antibody. In disease defense, the animal must have an encounter with the pathogens/ antigen before a specific antibody is developed in its blood.
ANTIBODY
a chemical substance derived from a mold or bacteria that inhibit the growth of another microorganism.
ANTIBIOTIC
any drug or chemical used to destroy parasitic worms.
ANTHELMINTIC
reduction in the quantity of hemoglobin (oxygen carrier in the blood); the main symptoms are paleness, hurried breathing & low resistance to infection.
ANEMIA
management method wherein a group of fattening pigs enters the unit at the same time and leaves together at a certain period once they reach the market weight.
ALL IN/ALL OUT
failure to secrete milk following birth; absence of milk.
AGALACTIA
referring to a disease which has a rapid onset, short course & pronounced signs.
ACUTE
a condition in which the acidity of the body fluids & tissues is abnormally high
ACIDOSIS
collective
ACCUMULATIVE
the state or quality to be reached.
ACCESSIBILITY
adjustment of the breeding pig to the conditions prevailing in the farm to which it has been introduced to enable it to perform to optimum standards.
ACCLIMATIZATION
expulsion of fetuses; expulsion of fully developed piglets before the completion of pregnancy and before they are able to survive.
ABORTION
localized
ABCESS
slaughter house
ABATTOIR
tear in the skin due to friction or rubbing
ABRASION
an equipment where a sow is placed before farrowing until weaning to avoid crushing piglets.
FARROWING CRATE
the act giving birth in sow
FARROWING
ny fluid that has move out of a tissue or its capillaries, because of injury or inflammation
EXUDATIVE
endemic; denoting a disease of animals which indigenous to a certain locality.
ENZOOTIC
a painful infection in the intestine.
ENTERITIS
relating to or affecting the intestine
ENTERIC
period of sexual receptivity in female; heat period
ESTRUS
vigor or power in action.
ENERGY
the final/market weight
END WEIGHT
excessive loss of flesh
EMACIATION
swelling of the part or all of the body due to accumulation of excess water.
EDEMA
difficulty of farrowing
DYSTOCIA
difficulty in breathing
DYSPNEA
where fatteners are supposed to defecate
DUNGING AREA
non-pregnant sows; unbred sow which has just been weaned
DRY SOW
the time interval from weaning to service
DRY PERIOD
carcass weight; weight after slaughtering and removal of entrails
DRESSED WEIGHT
moisture
DRAFT
a CHEMICAL capable of destroying disease-(causing microorganism or parasites)
DISINFECTANT
gross energy minus fecal energy
DIGESTIBLE ENERGY
a selection or combination of different feedstuffs provided in a continuous schedule
RATION
fecal looseness
DIARRHEA
a pig which has been sold for slaughter.
MARKET PIG
loss of body fluids
DEHYDRATION
a mother pig
DAM
an ovary containing an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid or semi solid material, with a membranous lining.
CYSTIC OVARY
bluish discoloration of the extremities due to circulatory disturbances
CYANOSIS
the removal of undesirable or unproductive animals within the herd.
CULLING
all unwanted animals removed from the herd
CULLS
a thin, hard, dry layer on the surface
CRUST
mainly due to crumpling
CRUSHING
– place for piglets inside the following/rearing pen
CREEP AREA
type of disinfectant used to increase solubility & applied in 2-4 solution
CRESOL
can be easily transferred
CONTAGIOUS
an organism is inside the pig’s body without causing any clinical damage or disease
CONTAMINATION
a condition or disease that has affected the animal since birth
CONGENITAL
percentage of sows that become pregnant after service
CONCEPTION RATE
act of fertilization
CONCEPTION
the 1st secretion of the breast, occurring shortly after or sometimes before birth. It contains serum, while blood cells & antibodies
A yellowish milky fluid secreted by the mammary gland shortly before and a few days after farrowing
COLUSTRUM
referring to direct observation
CLINICAL
referring to a disease condition that is continuous and long lasting
CHRONIC
to make a hole
BURROW
small broken blood vessels
BRUISES
animals used for reproduction (sows, gilts, boars,)
BREEDERS
male pig of any age that is usually intended for breeding
BOAR
the presence of bacteria or microorganism in the blood
BACTEREMIA
the average increase in weight of an animal per day
AVERAGE DAILY GAIN
shrinkage of a normal organ
ATROPHY
shaky movements & unsteady gait
ATAXIA
inflammation of the joints
ARTHRITIS
suffocation
ASPHYXIATION
disease and infections that are naturally transmitted from animal to man
ZOONOTIC DISEASE
the added weight of a pig from one period to another
WEIGHT GAIN
a young pig, separated from the sow, about 30 to 90 days old
WEANLING
the process of separating the young from its dam
WEANING
a pig which has been separated from it become a fully mature piglet
WEANER
the average number of piglets weaned from one sow for one year
WEANED PIGLETS PER SOW PER YEAR
the external genitalia of the female
VULVA
one of a group of minute infectious agents
VIRUS
a boar that has undergone vasectomy which is the excision of a segment of the vas deferens, performed to produce sterility
VASECTOMIZED BOAR
n injection of vaccine, bacterin, antiserum or antitoxin to produce immunity or tolerance to disease
VACCINATION
a suspension of killed microorganism (bacteria, viruses) administered for the prevention of infection disease.
VACCINE
a part of the female reproduction tract where the embryo is implanted to become a dully mature piglet ready for expulsion
UTERUS
state which the uterine muscles are floppy, lacking their normal elasticity
UTERINE ATONY
composed of teats and mammary glands
UDDER
Pigs produced from the mating of a two-breed crossbred sow to selected terminal sire of different breed
TRIPLE CROSS PIGS
poison
TOXINS
condition where blood contains poisonous products produced by the body cells from microorganism
TOXEMIA
tied to a post or tree
TETHERED
spasm and writing of the muscles, particularly those of the face, hands and feet
TETANY
a boar used in crossbreeding program for the production of slaughter pigs (e. g) duroc or duroc x pie train sires)
TERMINAL SIRE
monitoring data which will enable the pig raiser to have a clear understanding of the farm results and the status of the farm performance
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
a young pig from birth up to weaning
SUCKLING
happening at the same time
SYNCHRONIZE
prevention of breathing
SUFFOCATION
describing a disease that is suspected but is not sufficient developed to produce definite signs & symptoms of the animal
SUB CLINICAL
stopped growth
STUNTED
a group of organisms having special properties distinguishing them from other members of the same species
STRAINS
worksheet which allows a pig raiser to program and plan the number of gilts and boars to be purchased and mated at any given time in order to achieve the targeted population in a pig farm with a specified level of production.
STOCK PROJECTION SHEET
a fully developed piglet which was born dead
STILL BORN
the animal lies on its chest
STERNAL RECUMBENCY
initial weight
STARTING WEIGHT
pig from 15 – 30 kgs
STARTERS
given to piglets & weaners usually at 45 days (10kgs) to +100 days old (30- 35 kgs) with CP at 18%
STARTER FEED
Not fresh
STALE
legs that are spread further apart
SPLAY LEGS
the cord, consisting of the vas deferens, nerves & blood vessels, that runs from the abdominal cavity to the testicle of scrotum
SPERMATIC CORD
an involuntary muscular contraction; if painful, usually referred to as a cramp, if violent, a convulsion
SPASM
manure female pig; one that has given birth
SOW
long nose of the pig
SNOUT
a thin narrow piece of wood, metal, iron etc. used for flooring in the pens
SLAT
weight loss
SHRINKAGE
the act of breeding
SERVICE
the colorless fluid portion of the blood remaining after clotting & removal of corpuscles
SERUM
feeding device used for ad-libitum feeding practices
SELF FEEDER
bag of flesh that contains the testicles
SCROTUM
fecal looseness; diarrhea
SCOUR
provisions means whereby health is protected or arrangement for disposal of manure or waste
SANITATION
a pathogenic, diarrhea-producing organism, of which there are over 100 known stains, sometimes present in contaminated feeds
SALMONELLA
feed consisting of bulky & coarse plant parts; containing high fiber & low digestible nutrients, arbitrarily defined as fed over 18% crude fiber; classified as earlier dry or green
ROUGHAGE
a disease in which the bone do not harden & are malformed due to a deficiency of vitamin D
RICKETS
inflammation of the turbinate
RHINITIS
the total process by which pigs produce offspring
REPRODUCTION
happening or appearing repeatedly
RECURRENT
not able to stand; too weak to stand
RECUMBENT
surfactant commonly used for general disinfection of dairy, meat- packing & food handling equipment
QUARTERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND
placing all animals that have been bought in isolation for a certain period of time; compulsory segregation of exposed susceptible animals for a period of time equal to the longest usual incubation period of the disease to which they have been exposed. An enforced regulation for the exclusion or isolation of an animal to prevent the spread of a disease.
QUARANTINE
sexual maturity exhibited by 1st heat or ovulation
PUBERTY
false pregnancy
PSEUDOPREGNANCY
itching
PRURITUS
losing strength, energy
PROSTRATION
hormone which is mainly responsible for the termination of farrowing, it also causes abortion or premature farrowing
PROSTAGLANDIN
Severe
PROFUSE
Preventive
PROPYLACTIC
abnormal protrusion of a part of organ
PROLAPSE
– the colorless fluid portion of the blood remaining after clotting & removal of corpuscles
SERUM
the period from one pregnancy to another
PRODUCTION CYCLE
– the period from fertilization to farrowing time; also known as gestation.
PREGNANCY
– given to piglets at 14 – 21 days of age with a CP of 20%
PRE-STARTER FEED
inflammation of the lungs usually manifested by coughing
PNEUMONIA
inflammation of the pleura or the membranous covering of the lungs
PLEURITIS
Scab
PLAQUE
the organ of metabolic interchange between the fetuses and the sow.
PLACENTA
the number of piglets born alive in one farrowing
PIGLETS BORN ALIVE PER LITTER
symbol for logarithm of thereciprocal of the (H) ion concentration; a solution with pH 7:00 is neutral, one with a pH of more than 7:00 is alkaline, one with a pH lower than 7:00 is acidic
pH
a strong material in the pelvis that holds the origin in its place
PELVIC LIGAMENT
the ability of the organism to cause damage or disease
PATHOGENIC
disease causing organism
PATHOGENS
– loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or disease of the nerve supply
PARALYSIS
number of farrowing
PARITIES
loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or disease of the nerve supply
PARALYSIS
medical examination done by touching the body
PALPATE
a medical treatment that will not cure a problem but will reduce the pain
PALLIATIVE
a hormone which is mainly responsible for uterine contraction and milk flow
OXYTOCIN
–the release of egg cell or ovum from the ovary
OVULATION
a titanic spasm in which the spine & extremities are bent with convexity forward, the body resting on the head & the heels, sometimes with bulging of the eyes
OPISTHOTONOS
connected with the sense of smell
OLFACTORY
the number of days an animal stay in a pen
OCCUPANCY
extremely unpleasant
OBNOXIOUS
the chemical substance found in feed materials that can be used, and are necessary for the maintenance, production & health; the chief classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins & water
NUTRIENTS
death of tissue
NECROSIS
viscous fluid secreted by mucous membranes in many parts of the body, including the mouth, bronchial passages & gut; mucous acts as protective barrier over surfaces of the membranes
MUCOUS
Number of dead pigs
MORTALITY
Number of affected animals
MORBIDITY
inflammation of the uterus
METRITIS
the first feces of a newborn which are sticky and brown
MECONIUM
inflammation of breast or mammary gland
MASTITIS
the final weight of a pig for slaughtering/marketing
MARKET WEIGHT
