PFT/ABG Supplemental Documents Flashcards
value associated with inspiratory reserve capacity
2500 mL
value associated with tidal volume
500 mL
value associated with expiratory reserve volume
1500 mL
value associated with residual volume
1500 mL
value associated with functional reserve capacity
3000 mL
value associated with inspiratory capacity
3000 mL
value associated with vital capacity
4500 mL
value associated with total lung capacity
6000 mL
explain main difference between normal PFT and restrictive PFT pattern
restrictive = normal outline and shape, but decreased in volume
explain main difference between normal PFT and obstructive PFT pattern
obstructive = normal inspiration volume, “scooped” out and decrease expiration volume
explain FEV1/FVC ratio between obstructive and restrictive pattern
obstructive = decreased
restrictive = normal
explain how FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio are interrelated in restrictive pattern
FVC and FEV1 are decreased
but
FEV1/FVC ratio
volumes are decreased (FVC and FEV1)
but pt is able to get out what they get in (FEV1/FVC being normal)
values associated with paCO2
35 (more basic)
to
45 (more acidic)
value associated with HCO3-
22 (acidic)
to
26 (basic)
values for respiratory acidosis
pH < 7.4
pCO2 >45
HCO3 - 22 to 26
values associated with respiratory alkalosis
pH > 7.4
pCO2 < 35
HCO3 - 22 to 26
values associated with metabolic acidosis
pH <7.4
pCO2 - 35 to 45
HCO3 < 22
values associated with metabolic alkalosis
pH > 7.4
pCO2 - 22 to 26
HCO3 > 26
explain what uncompensated acidosis/alkalosis is
when alternate system (metabolic or pulmonary) has not adjusted
one system within normal range but pH and alternate system matching (either both acidic or basic)
explain partial compensation
when pH is slightly out of range, the alternative system moves oppositely (if overall acidic, other system goes basic)
pH still remains out of range, but is close
explain full compensation
what I do around hot women
alternate system has fully adjusted to restore/normalize pH
– like partial, but it goes further to bring pH to normal level
s/s of respiratory acidosis
rapid, shallow respiration
hypoventilation
decreased BP w/ vasodilation
dyspnea
headache
hyperkalemia
– dysrhythmias
drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
muscle weakness
hyperreflexia
what can cause respiratory acidosis
COPD
pneumonia
atelectasis
decreased respiratory stimuli via
- anesthesia, drug overdose
s/s of respiratory alkalosis
deep, rapid breathing
hyperventilation
tachycardia
decreased / normal BP
hypokalemia
paresthesias
lethargy / confusion
light headedness, nausea / vomiting
causes of respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
anxiety
PE
fear
mechanical ventilation
s/s of metabolic acidosis
headache
decreased BP
hyperkalemia
muscle twitching
warm, flushed skin
changes in LOC
compensatory hyperventilation (kussmaul)
nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
causes of metabolic acidosis
diabetic ketoacidosis
severe diarrhea
renal failure
shock
s/s of metabolic alkalosis
dysrhythmias
– tachycardia due to decreased K+
compensatory hypoventilation
dizziness/irritability
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
increased anxiety, possible seizures
tremors, muscle cramps, paresthesias of fingers/toes
causes of metabolic alkalosis
increased HCO3
decreased H+
