Adult Vital Signs Flashcards
elevated/prehypertensive BP
120-129 SBP
<80 DBP
Stage 1 HTN
130-139 SBP
80-89 DBP
Stage 2 HTN
more than 140 SBP
more than 90 DBP
hypertensive crisis
≥ 180 SBP
and/or
≥ 120 DBP
hypotension
<80 SBP
<60 DBP
mean arterial pressure definition
average pressure of the blood in arteries during cardiac cycle
- indicates perfusion to vital organs
normal mean arterial pressure
70-110 mmHg
what is the value of a low MAP, and what does that indicate vs high MAP
<60 mmHg = decreased organ perfusion
low = stroke, internal bleeding, sepsis
high = kidney / heart failure
pulse pressure is defined by ______ and the normal range is ______
SBP - DBP
40-60 mmHg
pulse pressure outside of normal ranges is a major factor in the development of ______
chronic depression of PP indicates
chronic elevation of PP indicates
heart disease
<25% of SBP = heart failure, aortic valve stenosis
> 59 mmHg = arterial resistance, heart failure, increased SBP
explain the normal BP response to exercise
SBP increased in linear fashion
10 mmHg per MET until physiological maximum
explain values associated with orthostatic hypotension
drop in SBP of > 20mmHg
or
drop in DBP >10mmHg
will have diaphoresis, lightheadedness, dizziness, confusion, or blurred vision
explain relationship between blood pressure and cognition
treatment of HTN to decrease below <140mmHg SBP can lead to development of cognitive impairment
hypotension (<120/75) is associated with decreased cognitive function
relative tachycardia vs bradycardia
tachy = increase in resting pulse rate > 20 bpm from baseline
brady = decrease in resting pulse rate >20 bpm from baseline
pulse grade scale
0 - absent
1+ = thready
2+ = weak
3+ = normal
4+ = bounding
HR response with exercise
increase of 10 bpm per MET
return to pre-ex level in 3-5 min
what can be done in adjunct with HR/PR during exercise
RPE scale
breathlessness scale
what can increase the risk of arryhtmia
electrolyte imbalance
how do arrythmias affect the heart
disrupt normal cardiac output
POTS stands for _______? it is defined as
postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
PR >120 bpm or increase of >30 bpm from supine to standing with no BP changes
bradypnea
- value
- potential causes
<10 breaths per minute
opioids, hypothyroidism, brain disorders
tachypnea
- value
- potential causes
> 24 breaths per minute
pain, emotion, fever, metabolic disorders, emphysema, asthma, hypercapnia, acidosis
explain work of breathing in relation to position
sitting and standing cause decreased work of breathing
cut off scores for exercise related to RR
45 breaths per minute = caution
>50 breaths per minute = no exercise
blood oxygen saturation levels
- normal
- below average
- use caution
> 95%
91-94
<90
what may cause inaccurate SpO2 readings
movement
damage to nail bed
blisters
poor perfusion (ie cold fingers)
what characteristics may affect SpO2 readings
darker skin (falsely high)
those with DM2 or AIc >7% (falsely high)
normal body temperature?
95.9 - 99.5
hypothermia
- early, intermediate, and third stage values
early = 95-91°F
intermediate = 90-75°F
third = <75°F
potential causes of hypothermia
dermal disease
drug induced
cold exposure
metabolic disorders
NM ineffeciency
hyperthermia
- values
- s/s
- potential causes
> 99.5 or 100.5
- headache, gait abnormality, speech/mental status change
- environment >90°F / humidity >90%, cancer or infection
explain temperature and sepsis relationship
any change in temp, up or down can be an indication
- elderly w/ RLD and CVD
every 1°F = 7% increase in metabolic rate
