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Geology REHAB > Petrology > Flashcards

Petrology Flashcards

1
Q

It is the most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust compromising 39% of earth’s crust

a. clay
b. plagioclase feldspar
c. pyroxene
d. quartz

A

b. plagioclase feldspar

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2
Q

It is one of the most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust compromising 12% of earth’s crust

a. nonsilicates
b. mica
c. amphibole
d. alkali feldspar

A

d. alkali feldspar

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3
Q

SiO2 content of ultramafic mineral

a. >66 wt. %
b. 52 - 66 wt. %
c. <45 wt. %
d. 45 - 52 wt. %

A

c. <45 wt. %

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4
Q

SiO2 content of mafic mineral

a. >66 wt. %
b. 52 - 66 wt. %
c. <45 wt. %
d. 45 - 52 wt. %

A

d. 45 - 52 wt. %

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5
Q

SiO2 content of intermediate mineral

a. >66 wt. %
b. 52 - 66 wt. %
c. <45 wt. %
d. 45 - 52 wt. %

A

b. 52 - 66 wt. %

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6
Q

SiO2 content of felsic mineral

a. >66 wt. %
b. 52 - 66 wt. %
c. <45 wt. %
d. 45 - 52 wt. %

A

a. >66 wt. %

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7
Q

Igneous rocks with this texture usually occur from the rapid crystallization of lava.

a. aphanitic
b. pegmatitic
c. glassy

A

a. aphanitic

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8
Q

This texture forms when lava from a volcanic eruption cools very rapidly such that no crystallization occurs.

a. aphanitic
b. pegmatitic
c. glassy

A

c. glassy

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9
Q

This type of texture id formed when magma cools and some minerals increase in size extensively.

a. aphanitic
b. pegmatitic
c. glassy

A

b. pegmatitic

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10
Q

form when violent volcanic eruptions throw the lava into the atmosphere creating fragmental and glassy materials.

a. porphyritic
b. phaneritic
c. pyroclastic

A

c. pyroclastic

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11
Q

This texture is seen in plutonic igneous rocks, which underwent slow crystallization underneath the surface of the earth.

a. porphyritic
b. phaneritic
c. pyroclastic

A

b. phaneritic

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12
Q

This texture is caused by the rapid change of conditions as the magma continues to cool down. The minerals that had been created earlier, by the slow cooling magma, will posses’ large crystals.

a. porphyritic
b. phaneritic
c. pyroclastic

A

a. porphyritic

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13
Q

Rocks composed mostly of pyroxene, calcium-rich plagioclase, and minor amounts of olivine.

a. ultramafic
b. mafic
c. intermediate
d. felsic

A

b. mafic

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14
Q

Their low silica and gas contents make them very fluid; i.e., they have a low viscosity, or resistance to flow

a. ultramafic
b. mafic
c. intermediate
d. felsic

A

a. ultramafic

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15
Q

Rocks composed mostly of biotite, muscovite, sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars, potassium feldspars, and quartz

a. ultramafic
b. mafic
c. intermediate
d. felsic

A

d. felsic

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16
Q

Rocks composed mostly of hornblende and plagioclase feldspars

a. ultramafic
b. mafic
c. intermediate
d. felsic

A

c. intermediate

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17
Q

Formed at spreading ridges on the ocean floor when two oceanic plates are separating

a. cinders
b. lava
c. pumice
d. tephra
e. pillow basalt

A

e. pillow basalt

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18
Q

Molten rock that flows out of a volcano during eruption

a. cinders
b. lava
c. pumice
d. tephra
e. pillow basalt

A

b. lava

19
Q

Igneous rocks that have been airborne for a period of time before settling to the earth

a. cinders
b. lava
c. pumice
d. tephra
e. pillow basalt

A

d. tephra

20
Q

A volcanic glass that is associated with violent volcanic eruptions.

a. cinders
b. lava
c. pumice
d. tephra
e. pillow basalt

A

c. pumice

21
Q

Similar to pumice but usually made of iron-rich minerals found in basalt lava.

a. cinders
b. lava
c. pumice
d. tephra
e. pillow basalt

A

a. cinders

22
Q

P increases due to the weight of the overburden and T also increases due to the geothermal gradient.

a. faultzone and impact metamorphism
b. burial metamorphism
c. regional metamorphism
d. ocean floor metamorphism

A

b. burial metamorphism

23
Q

Interaction of heated seawater with newly-created oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges.

a. faultzone and impact metamorphism
b. burial metamorphism
c. regional metamorphism
d. ocean floor metamorphism

A

d. ocean floor metamorphism

24
Q

Rock in the deep portions of faults undergoes dynamic metamorphism and creates a fine grained metamorphic rock called a mylonite.

a. faultzone and impact metamorphism
b. burial metamorphism
c. orogenic metamorphism
d. ocean floor metamorphism

A

a. faultzone and impact metamorphism

25
Q

occurs during the development of island arcs, continental arcs, and continental collision zones. It is a dynamo-thermal type of metamorphism.

a. faultzone and impact metamorphism
b. burial metamorphism
c. orogenic metamorphism
d. ocean floor metamorphism

A

c. orogenic metamorphism

26
Q

rocks undergo metamorphic reactions due to heating (little or no pressure change). when a hot igneous intrusion (magma) comes into contact with cold country rock, it creates a metamorphic aureole

a. hydrothermal metamorphism
b. contact metamorphism
c. regional metamorphism

A

b. contact metamorphism

27
Q

Characterized by involvement of hot aqueous fluid which passes through the metamorphosing rock that leads to changes in its chemical composition

a. hydrothermal metamorphism
b. contact metamorphism
c. regional metamorphism

A

a. hydrothermal metamorphism

28
Q

Complex composition, many different kinds of minerals. Has many new minerals produced with a change in T/P

a. texture
b. foliated
c. equant mineral
d. non-foliated

A

b. foliated

29
Q

Simple composition with no new minerals form with a change in T/P

a. texture
b. foliated
c. equant mineral
d. non-foliated

A

d. non-foliated

30
Q

Started out originally with clay minerals and as a result of metamorphism, alumna-rich minerals form.

a. calcareous
b. mafic
c. pelitic
d. quartzo-feldspathic

A

c. pelitic

31
Q

Minerals like biotite, hornblende and plagioclase form during metamorphism and commonly produce amphibolites.

a. calcareous
b. mafic
c. pelitic
d. quartzo-feldspathic

A

b. mafic

32
Q

Usually derived from limestones or dolostones, and thus contain an abundance of Calcite

a. calcareous
b. mafic
c. pelitic
d. quartzo-feldspathic

A

a. calcareous

33
Q

Protoliths are usually granites, rhyolites, or arkose sandstone and metamorphism results in gneisses

a. calcareous
b. mafic
c. pelitic
d. quartzo-feldspathic

A

d. quartzo-feldspathic

34
Q

Preferred orientation of these sheet silicates causes the rock to easily break along the planes parallel to the sheet silicates

a. schist
b. phyllite
c. slate
d. pophyroblasts

A

c. slate

35
Q

The rock developed a near planar foliation caused by the preferred orientation of sheet silicates

a. schist
b. phyllite
c. slate
d. pophyroblasts

A

a. schist

36
Q

The clay minerals have recrystallized into tiny micas which reflect a glossy luster.

a. schist
b. phyllite
c. slate
d. pophyroblasts

A

b. phyllite

37
Q

When non-mica minerals (quartz, feldspars, kyanite, garnet, staurolite, and sillimanite) occur with a grain size greater than the rest of the rock, they are called _________.

a. schist
b. phyllite
c. slate
d. pophyroblasts

A

d. pophyroblasts

38
Q

These dark colored minerals tend to become segregated in distinct bands through the rock, giving the rock a __________.

a. migmatites
b. granulite
c. gneissic banding
d. gneiss

A

c. gneissic banding

39
Q

If the temperature reaches the solidus temperature, the rock may begin to melt and start to co-mingle with the solids.

a. migmatites
b. granulite
c. gneissic banding
d. gneiss

A

a. migmatites

40
Q

At the highest grades of metamorphism, all of the hydrous minerals and sheet silicates become unstable and thus there are few minerals present that would show a preferred orientation resulting a ___________.

a. migmatites
b. granulite
c. gneissic banding
d. gneiss

A

b. granulite

41
Q

As metamorphic grade increases, the sheet silicates become unstable and dark colored minerals like hornblende and pyroxene start to grow.

a. migmatites
b. granulite
c. gneissic banding
d. gneiss

A

d. gneiss

42
Q

limestone or dolostone made up only if calcite or dolomite will metamorphose to a _______.

a. amphibolite
b. hornfels
c. quartzite
d. marble

A

d. marble

43
Q

Very fine- grained rocks that usually form as a result from magma intruding into fine grained igneous rocks or shales

a. amphibolite
b. hornfels
c. quartzite
d. marble

A

b. hornfels

44
Q

Dark-colored rocks with amphibole as their major mineral.

a. amphibolite
b. hornfels
c. quartzite
d. marble

A

a. amphibolite

Geology REHAB (5 decks)

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