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Geology REHAB > Historical Geology > Flashcards

Historical Geology Flashcards

1
Q
  • Age of Humans
  • Industrial Revolution and Modernization
  • Eruption of Mt. Etna and Mt. Pinatubo
  • The rest is History!

a. Pleistocene Epoch (2.58 – 0.01 Ma)
b. Pliocene Epoch (5.33 – 2.58 Ma)
c. Holocene Epoch (0.01 Ma – Recent)
d. Miocene Epoch (23 – 5.33 Ma)

A

c. Holocene Epoch (0.01 Ma – Recent)

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2
Q
  • Columbian Flood Basalts covering Eastern Washington in lava.
  • Age of Foraminifera due to its abundance
  • Warm temperature forming vast limestone deposits

a. Pleistocene Epoch (2.58 – 0.01 Ma)
b. Pliocene Epoch (5.33 – 2.58 Ma)
c. Holocene Epoch (0.01 Ma – Recent)
d. Miocene Epoch (23 – 5.33 Ma)

A

d. Miocene Epoch (23 – 5.33 Ma)

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3
Q
  • Ancestors of man appeared
  • Isthmus of Panama
  • The Great American Interchange
  • Africa colliding towards Europe forming Mediterranean Sea
  • PSP subducted towards Philippine Mobile Belt forming Philippine Trench

a. Pleistocene Epoch (2.58 – 0.01 Ma)
b. Pliocene Epoch (5.33 – 2.58 Ma)
c. Holocene Epoch (0.01 Ma – Recent)
d. Miocene Epoch (23 – 5.33 Ma)

A

b. Pliocene Epoch (5.33 – 2.58 Ma)

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4
Q
  • Evolution of anatomically modern humans
  • Quaternary Ice Age
  • Extinction of Pleistocene Mega Fauna.
  • Eruption of Lake Toba Supervolcano about 75,000 years ago.
  • Formation of La Brea Tar Pits
  • Philippine Fault started to tear the Phil. Mobile Belt

a. Pleistocene Epoch (2.58 – 0.01 Ma)
b. Pliocene Epoch (5.33 – 2.58 Ma)
c. Holocene Epoch (0.01 Ma – Recent)
d. Miocene Epoch (23 – 5.33 Ma)

A

a. Pleistocene Epoch (2.58 – 0.01 Ma)

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5
Q
  • Creta-Chalk Age
  • K-Pg Extinction
    a. Chicxulub Crater, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
    b. Extinction of dinosaurs
  • Laramide Orogeny (Canada to Northern Mexico)

a. Paleocene Epoch (66 – 56 Ma)
b. Oligocene Epoch (33 – 23 Ma)
c. Cretaceous Period (145 – 66 Ma)
d. Eocene Epoch (56 – 33 Ma)

A

c. Cretaceous Period (145 – 66 Ma)

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6
Q
  • Meaning “old recent”
  • Bounded by K-Pg Extinction and Paleocene- Eocene Thermal Maximum (extinction of deep- sea benthic forams)
  • Proliferation of angiosperms (flowering plants)

a. Paleocene Epoch (66 – 56 Ma)
b. Oligocene Epoch (33 – 23 Ma)
c. Cretaceous Period (145 – 66 Ma)
d. Eocene Epoch (56 – 33 Ma)

A

a. Paleocene Epoch (66 – 56 Ma)

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7
Q
  • India started to drift towards Eurasia.
  • Arabia was still an island.
  • South China Sea started to open diverging from mainland China.
  • Zambales Ophiolite emplaced to Northern Luzon due to subduction at Manila Trench

a. Paleocene Epoch (66 – 56 Ma)
b. Oligocene Epoch (33 – 23 Ma)
c. Cretaceous Period (145 – 66 Ma)
d. Eocene Epoch (56 – 33 Ma)

A

d. Eocene Epoch (56 – 33 Ma)

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8
Q
  • Formation of permanent Antarctic ice sheets.
  • Rapid diversification of mammals.
  • Sulu Sea Basin started to open.

a. Paleocene Epoch (66 – 56 Ma)
b. Oligocene Epoch (33 – 23 Ma)
c. Cretaceous Period (145 – 66 Ma)
d. Eocene Epoch (56 – 33 Ma)

A

b. Oligocene Epoch (33 – 23 Ma)

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9
Q
  • means 3 distinctive layers in Germany
  • Proliferation of reptiles including dinosaurs.
  • Andean Orogeny

a. Jurassic Period (201 – 145 Ma)
b. Triassic Period (252 – 201 Ma)
c. Permian Period (298 – 252 Ma)
d. Carboniferous – Pennsylvanian Period (323 – 298 Ma)

A

b. Triassic Period (252 – 201 Ma)

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10
Q
  • Formation of supercontinent Pangaea surrounded by superocean Panthalassa
  • Age of Amphibians
  • Extinction/The Great Dying
  • Extinction of most of the invertebrates including Trilobites

a. Jurassic Period (201 – 145 Ma)
b. Triassic Period (252 – 201 Ma)
c. Permian Period (298 – 252 Ma)
d. Carboniferous – Pennsylvanian Period (323 – 298 Ma)

A

c. Permian Period (298 – 252 Ma)

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11
Q
  • Break-up of Pangaea into Gondwana and Laurasia
  • Age of Ammonites
  • Solnhofen Limestone

a. Jurassic Period (201 – 145 Ma)
b. Triassic Period (252 – 201 Ma)
c. Permian Period (298 – 252 Ma)
d. Carboniferous – Pennsylvanian Period (323 – 298 Ma)

A

a. Jurassic Period (201 – 145 Ma)

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12
Q
  • Large winged insects radiate.
  • Tetrapods-first known amphibians

a. Jurassic Period (201 – 145 Ma)
b. Triassic Period (252 – 201 Ma)
c. Permian Period (298 – 252 Ma)
d. Carboniferous – Pennsylvanian Period (323 – 298 Ma)

A

d. Carboniferous – Pennsylvanian Period (323 – 298 Ma)

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13
Q
  • Carbon-bearing
  • Large primitive trees
  • Period of marine regression in the northern hemisphere

a. Devonian Period (419 – 358 Ma)
b. Carboniferous – Mississippian Period (358 – 323 Ma)
c. Silurian Period (443 – 419 Ma)
d. Ordovician Period (485 – 443 Ma)

A

b. Carboniferous – Mississippian Period (358 – 323 Ma)

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14
Q
  • Known as “Old Red Age” in 19th century after Old Red Sandstone in UK where most Devonian fossils are found.
  • Also known as “Age of Fishes”
  • Hunsruck Slate, Rhynie Chert

a. Devonian Period (419 – 358 Ma)
b. Carboniferous – Mississippian Period (358 – 323 Ma)
c. Silurian Period (443 – 419 Ma)
d. Ordovician Period (485 – 443 Ma)

A

a. Devonian Period (419 – 358 Ma)

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15
Q
  • First vascular plants
  • Caledonian Orogeny

a. Devonian Period (419 – 358 Ma)
b. Carboniferous – Mississippian Period (358 – 323 Ma)
c. Silurian Period (443 – 419 Ma)
d. Ordovician Period (485 – 443 Ma)

A

c. Silurian Period (443 – 419 Ma)

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16
Q
  • Age of Graptolites and Conodonts
  • First appearance of corals
  • Taconic Orogeny

a. Devonian Period (419 – 358 Ma)
b. Carboniferous – Mississippian Period (358 – 323 Ma)
c. Silurian Period (443 – 419 Ma)
d. Ordovician Period (485 – 443 Ma)

A

d. Ordovician Period (485 – 443 Ma)

17
Q
  • Diversification of Life
  • Age of Trilobites
  • Formation of Supercontinent Pannotia
  • Burgess Shale

a. Hadean Eon (4,600 – 4,000Ma)
b. Archean Eon (4,000 – 2,500Ma)
c. Proterozoic Eon (2,500 – 541 Ma)
d. Cambrian Period (541 – 485 Ma)

A

d. Cambrian Period (541 – 485 Ma)

18
Q

First known oxygen-producing bacteria and first stromatolites
- Oldest cratons on earth such as the Canadian Shield and Pilbara Craton
- First supercontinent Vaalbara

a. Hadean Eon (4,600 – 4,000Ma)
b. Archean Eon (4,000 – 2,500Ma)
c. Proterozoic Eon (2,500 – 541 Ma)
d. Cambrian Period (541 – 485 Ma)

A

b. Archean Eon (4,000 – 2,500Ma)

19
Q
  • Oxygen Catastrophe/Great Oxygenation Event
  • Bushveld Igneous Complex
  • Formation of supercontinent Rodinia
  • Formation of Snowball Earth during Huronian Glaciation and Cryogenian Glaciation
  • Banded Iron Formations

a. Hadean Eon (4,600 – 4,000Ma)
b. Archean Eon (4,000 – 2,500Ma)
c. Proterozoic Eon (2,500 – 541 Ma)
d. Cambrian Period (541 – 485 Ma)

A

c. Proterozoic Eon (2,500 – 541 Ma)

20
Q
  • Big Bang
  • Nebular Hypothesis
  • Formation of the Earth and its Moon
  • Oldest known mineral ZIRCON (4.4 Ga)
  • Oldest known rock Acasta Gneiss (4.03 Ga)
  • Late Heavy Bombardment

a. Hadean Eon (4,600 – 4,000Ma)
b. Archean Eon (4,000 – 2,500Ma)
c. Proterozoic Eon (2,500 – 541 Ma)
d. Cambrian Period (541 – 485 Ma)

A

a. Hadean Eon (4,600 – 4,000Ma)

Geology REHAB (5 decks)

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