Peterson & Berger: 1970s and 1980s Flashcards
What was the industry trend in the mid-60s?
the industry began to concentrate again after labels began embracing rock n roll
What did Peterson and Berger predict would occur in the 70s and 80s?
Predicted that the major labels’ share of the industry would continue to rise until they would experience stagnation, which would result in decreased sales
What did Paul Lopez discover?
-the number of firms dominating the industry in the 70s and 80s kept falling
-however, unlike Peterson and Berger predicted, the quality of music was actually very good and creative
High levels of concentration by the 80s (as Peterson & Berger predicted)
It appeared that the correlation between creativity and competition no longer existed
Label
a brand name under which music is marketed
According to Lopez, what describes the lack of correlation between competition and creativity?
-While there were only a few firms, there were many labels
-Each label had their own head with autonimous creative control
-open systems approach
Open Systems Approach
when labels remain independently owned but sign distribution deals with major firms
Describe the open system approach in the movie industry
-films are made with autonomy from the studio
-Negative pick up deal
-PFD deal
Negative Pickup Deal
someone independently finances and produces the movie, then show at a film festival, where different distributors bid on it for distribution rights
Production Finance Distribution (PFD) deal
producers borrow money from studio to produce the movie, then the studio distributes it
Book publishing open system approach
-publishers will have an editor whose in charge of an imprint (brand), which will specialize in particular content
e.g. Encounter in 2002 specialized in publishing right wing books
Open System Model approach currently
-decline in the open systems approach
-centralization after the 2008 financial crash
-labels typically first to go when cutting costs
e.g. EMI fired all of its label heads and centralized control in order to cut costs
How would the production of culture perspective view cutting labels?
Would argue that this discourages creativity and that companies will ultimately lose market share as they centralize control
