Pests Flashcards
hormone that affects insect growth cycle
Insect growth regulator (IGR)
What is the most important thing to know if you want to control a pest?
it’s life cycle
Integrated Pest Management
process of solving pest problems while minimizing risks to people and the environment
7 elements of IPM
-Grow healthy plants
-Use resistant plants
-Keep a clean growing environment
-Remove factors that allow pests to thrive
-Biological controls
-Cultural controls
-Mechanical/physical controls
3 Biological Controls
-Predators
-Parasites
-Bacteria
2 Cultural Controls
-Irrigation practices
-fertilization
Pesticide
any substance used to kill, repel, or control a pest
Neem Oil
-safe to use on food
-leaves no residue on soil
-effectively kills pests and prevents powdery mildew
-Comes from the tree Azadirchta indica
-Non-toxic to birds, fish and bees
-Use on mites, aphids, mealybugs, scale and whitefly
bT
Bacillus thuringiensis
-a naturally occurring soil bacteria that when sprayed on plants is toxic to certain pest insects
-caterpillars, certain beetles, mosquitoes, black flies
Aphids
-Feed on new growth
-40-86 degrees, 80 degrees optimal
-Parthenogenic and sexual reproduction
-Nymphs and adults most susceptible to pesticides (eggs protected)
-Honeydew reduces photosynthesis with sooty mold
-Vectors for viruses
Controlling Aphids
-Syringe
-Isolate infested plants
-Squish
-Beneficials
-Insecticide
Signs of Aphids
-poor/distorted growth
-sticky honeydew
-sooty molds
-cast skins
-ants
-discoloration
Scale Symptoms
-Discolored stems
-Chlorosis
-Stunted plant growth
-Death of stem if infested
-Insects, waxy secretion, egg sacs
Scale treatments
-Proper cultural care
-Prune off damage
-Syringe
-Wipe off
-Insecticidal soap
White fly
-Resistance to pesticides forms quickly
-Good fliers, spread fast
-Sexual and parthenogenic
-76-86 degrees optimal
-Usually on leaf undersides
White fly treatment
-“syringe the shit out of it”
-Remove weeds
-Beneficials
-Insecticides
White fly symptoms
-Tiny nymphs on the underside of leaves
-Sticky honeydew or sooty mold
-Yellowing, silvering, or drying leaves
-Deposits of white wax sometimes
Mites
-Usually two-spotted spider mite
-Sexual reproduction
-Overwinter in cracks and crevices
-Hang out under leaves
-Form webbing
-86-89 degrees optimal
-Like hot and dry conditions
-Feeding deduces chlorophyll content, reduces photosynthesis
Mite Treatment
-Reduce nitrogen fertilizer
-Syringe to raise humidity
-Eliminate weeds
-Beneficials
-Sprays
Mite Symptoms
-tiny yellowish or bleached spots
-leaves turning pale bronze
-scorching around leaf edges
-leaves falling off prematurely
Thrips
-Sexual and parthenogenic reproduction
-Nymphs and adults killed by pesticides
-Go for new growth and flowers
-76-86 degrees optimal, most rapid growth at 86
-Vector for many viruses
-Also eat pollen
Thrips Symptoms
-Flowers or leaves may develop silvery streaks
-Heavily infested leaves appear brownish or silvery
-growing points may become contorted -sooty spots of black frass on leaves
scouting for caterpillars
-pay close attention to susceptible plants near doors, vents and other openings -feeding damage
-frass
-Caterpillars have five or fewer prolegs on their abdomen
cabbageworm
velvety green caterpillar approximately 1 1/4 inches long with a yellow stripe down the back and a broken line of yellow spots along each side
