PESTICIDES Flashcards
Chemical classification of pesticides
Organochlorines
Organophosphates
Carbamates
Pyrethrins
Classes of pesticides based on toxicity
Extremely toxic
Highly toxic
Moderately toxic’
Slightly toxic
Classes of pesticides per use
Insecticides
Miticides
Herbicides
Nematicides
Fungicides
Molluscicides
Rodenticides
Why is aqueous based activated charcoal preferred to sorbitol based for pesticide poisoning
Sorbitol based may induce vomiting
Role of sucrose polyester (Oletsra)
Increases excretion of fat soluble chlorine chemicals
role of cholestyramine
binds the pesticides and reduce their absorption
When is phenylephrine used in pesticide poisoning management
when patient is hypotensive and nonresponsive to IV fluid therapy. pure alpha agonist is given.
MOA of organochlorines
Alter the electrophysiological properties of neuronal mebranes, causing alteration in flow of sodium and potassium through nerve cells
Effects of organochlorine poisoning
Seizures
Respiratory depression
Cardiac arrest
Death
Pulmonary fibrosis
ARDS
Highly toxic organochlorines
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
Moderately toxic organochlorines
Chlordane
DDT
Heptachlor
Kepone
Lidane
Uses of carbamates
Fungicides
Herbicides
Insecticides
Nematicides
MOA of carbamates
Carbamylation of acetylcholinesterases by covalent attachment of electrophilic groups
Insecticide organophosphates
Malathion
Parathion
Ethion
Diazinon
Chlorpyriflos
Nerve gas organophosphates
Soman
Sarin
Tabun
ophthalmic gas organophosphates
Ecothiophate
Isofluorophate
Anhtihelminthic organophosphates
Trichlorfon
Herbicide organophosphates
Triblufos
Mephos
Industrial chemical organophosphate
Tricresyl phosphate
Effect of organophosphate poisoning
Muscarinic effects
nicotinic effects
cns effects
Assay used to assess exposure to organophosphates or cholinesterase inhibiting compounds
Butyrylcholinesterase assay
Pharmacological therapy for organophosphate poisoning
Atropine
Pralidoxime
Benzodiazepines
MOA of pyrethroids
Act on CNS to change dynamics of sodium channels in the membrane of cells leading to neuronal hyperexcitation
Symptoms of pyrethroid poisoning
Cutaneous paraesthesia
Upper respiratory tract irritation
Management of paraesthesia due to pyrethroids
Cooking oil or soft paraffin
cool cloth
ice
Prevention of paraesthesia due to pyrethroids
Vit E creams for prevention
