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CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY > PESTICIDES > Flashcards

PESTICIDES Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical classification of pesticides

A

Organochlorines
Organophosphates
Carbamates
Pyrethrins

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2
Q

Classes of pesticides based on toxicity

A

Extremely toxic
Highly toxic
Moderately toxic’
Slightly toxic

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3
Q

Classes of pesticides per use

A

Insecticides
Miticides
Herbicides
Nematicides
Fungicides
Molluscicides
Rodenticides

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4
Q

Why is aqueous based activated charcoal preferred to sorbitol based for pesticide poisoning

A

Sorbitol based may induce vomiting

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5
Q

Role of sucrose polyester (Oletsra)

A

Increases excretion of fat soluble chlorine chemicals

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6
Q

role of cholestyramine

A

binds the pesticides and reduce their absorption

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7
Q

When is phenylephrine used in pesticide poisoning management

A

when patient is hypotensive and nonresponsive to IV fluid therapy. pure alpha agonist is given.

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8
Q

MOA of organochlorines

A

Alter the electrophysiological properties of neuronal mebranes, causing alteration in flow of sodium and potassium through nerve cells

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9
Q

Effects of organochlorine poisoning

A

Seizures
Respiratory depression
Cardiac arrest
Death
Pulmonary fibrosis
ARDS

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10
Q

Highly toxic organochlorines

A

Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin

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11
Q

Moderately toxic organochlorines

A

Chlordane
DDT
Heptachlor
Kepone
Lidane

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12
Q

Uses of carbamates

A

Fungicides
Herbicides
Insecticides
Nematicides

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13
Q

MOA of carbamates

A

Carbamylation of acetylcholinesterases by covalent attachment of electrophilic groups

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14
Q

Insecticide organophosphates

A

Malathion
Parathion
Ethion
Diazinon
Chlorpyriflos

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15
Q

Nerve gas organophosphates

A

Soman
Sarin
Tabun

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16
Q

ophthalmic gas organophosphates

A

Ecothiophate
Isofluorophate

17
Q

Anhtihelminthic organophosphates

A

Trichlorfon

18
Q

Herbicide organophosphates

A

Triblufos
Mephos

19
Q

Industrial chemical organophosphate

A

Tricresyl phosphate

20
Q

Effect of organophosphate poisoning

A

Muscarinic effects
nicotinic effects
cns effects

21
Q

Assay used to assess exposure to organophosphates or cholinesterase inhibiting compounds

A

Butyrylcholinesterase assay

22
Q

Pharmacological therapy for organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine
Pralidoxime
Benzodiazepines

23
Q

MOA of pyrethroids

A

Act on CNS to change dynamics of sodium channels in the membrane of cells leading to neuronal hyperexcitation

24
Q

Symptoms of pyrethroid poisoning

A

Cutaneous paraesthesia
Upper respiratory tract irritation

25
Q

Management of paraesthesia due to pyrethroids

A

Cooking oil or soft paraffin
cool cloth
ice

26
Q

Prevention of paraesthesia due to pyrethroids

A

Vit E creams for prevention

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY (14 decks)

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