PES Knee Concepts

Question 1

Characteristics of Hyaline Cartilage (8)

Answer 1

-Avascular (relies on synovial fluid)
- Matrix is smoother and has a pearl-gray appearance
-Contains lacunae and chondrocytes
- Produces collagen (the most abundant protein in the body)
- Weakest Cartilage type
- Most abundant cartilage in the body
- Mostly found on ends of bones
- Helps bones move smoothly past each other

Question 2

Location of Medial Meniscus:

Answer 2

located on the inner side of the knee joint, closer to the midline of the body.

Question 3

Location of Lateral Meniscus:

Answer 3

outer side of the knee joint, lateral side

Question 4

Injury and mobility of Medial Meniscus

Answer 4

less mobile and is more commonly injured due to its attachment to the medial collateral ligament (MCL), which restricts its movement.

Question 5

Injury and mobility of Lateral Meniscus

Answer 5

more mobile, and its injuries are relatively less frequent.

Question 6

Type of cartilage the Meniscus are made of

Answer 6

fibrocartilage, which is a type of cartilage that is tougher and more resistant to compression and wear than other types of cartilage.

Question 7

Types of Meniscus Tears (2)

Answer 7

Acute (Parrot beak, radial, bucket handle, complex, longitudinal, horizontal, flap) and degenerative

Question 8

what force typically injures a meniscus

Answer 8

Twisting

Question 9

Medial Meniscus Shape

Answer 9

More C-Shaped in appearance and larger radius

Question 10

Lateral Meniscus Shape

Answer 10

More O-Shaped in appearance and smaller radius

Question 11

Blood supply of Medial Meniscus

Answer 11

The medial meniscus has a more limited blood supply which restricts healing

Question 12

Blood supply Lateral Meniscus

Answer 12

has a better blood supply, which can aid in healing

Question 13

Function of Meniscus (3)

Answer 13

distribute load and reduce friction within the knee joint. Absorb impacts from stepping

Question 14

Function of Synovial Fluid (3)

Answer 14

Manages Waste, brings nutrients, lubricates joint

Question 15

Structure of a synovial joint

Answer 15

Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and a fibrous layer. They facilitate smooth, frictionless motion and support weight-bearing activities.

Question 16

ACL Lig Function

Answer 16

Provides stability by preventing the tibia from moving too far forward in relation to the femur. It helps control rotational movements in the knee

Question 17

ACL Lig Location:

Answer 17

Medial wall of lateral femoral condyle to middle of intercondylar area

Question 18

PCL Lig Function

Answer 18

Prevents the tibia from moving too far backward in relation to the femur. It also plays a role in stabilizing the knee during weight-bearing activities

Question 19

PCL Lig Location

Answer 19

lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle and posterior aspect of the tibial plateau

Question 20

MCL Lig Function

Answer 20

helps protect against excessive valgus (inward) stress

Question 21

LCL Lig Function

Answer 21

It helps protect against excessive varus (outward) stress.

Question 22

Wrisberg Lig Function

Answer 22

stabilizes meniscus

Question 23

Wrisberg Lig Location

Answer 23

posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle (runs posterior to the pcl)

Question 24

Humphrey’s Lig Function

Answer 24

supports meniscus

Question 25

Humphrey’s Lig Location

Answer 25

posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle (runs anterior to pcl)

Question 26

Patellar Lig Function

Answer 26

Attaches to muscle which allows knee extension

Question 27

patellar lig location

Answer 27

bottom of patella to the tibial tuberosity

Question 28

Bursa Function (4)

Answer 28

Friction Reduction, Shock Absorption, protection, synovial functions