PES Knee Concepts Flashcards
Characteristics of Hyaline Cartilage (8)
-Avascular (relies on synovial fluid)
- Matrix is smoother and has a pearl-gray appearance
-Contains lacunae and chondrocytes
- Produces collagen (the most abundant protein in the body)
- Weakest Cartilage type
- Most abundant cartilage in the body
- Mostly found on ends of bones
- Helps bones move smoothly past each other
Location of Medial Meniscus:
located on the inner side of the knee joint, closer to the midline of the body.
Location of Lateral Meniscus:
outer side of the knee joint, lateral side
Injury and mobility of Medial Meniscus
less mobile and is more commonly injured due to its attachment to the medial collateral ligament (MCL), which restricts its movement.
Injury and mobility of Lateral Meniscus
more mobile, and its injuries are relatively less frequent.
Type of cartilage the Meniscus are made of
fibrocartilage, which is a type of cartilage that is tougher and more resistant to compression and wear than other types of cartilage.
Types of Meniscus Tears (2)
Acute (Parrot beak, radial, bucket handle, complex, longitudinal, horizontal, flap) and degenerative
what force typically injures a meniscus
Twisting
Medial Meniscus Shape
More C-Shaped in appearance and larger radius
Lateral Meniscus Shape
More O-Shaped in appearance and smaller radius
Blood supply of Medial Meniscus
The medial meniscus has a more limited blood supply which restricts healing
Blood supply Lateral Meniscus
has a better blood supply, which can aid in healing
Function of Meniscus (3)
distribute load and reduce friction within the knee joint. Absorb impacts from stepping
Function of Synovial Fluid (3)
Manages Waste, brings nutrients, lubricates joint
Structure of a synovial joint
Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and a fibrous layer. They facilitate smooth, frictionless motion and support weight-bearing activities.
ACL Lig Function
Provides stability by preventing the tibia from moving too far forward in relation to the femur. It helps control rotational movements in the knee
ACL Lig Location:
Medial wall of lateral femoral condyle to middle of intercondylar area
PCL Lig Function
Prevents the tibia from moving too far backward in relation to the femur. It also plays a role in stabilizing the knee during weight-bearing activities
PCL Lig Location
lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle and posterior aspect of the tibial plateau
MCL Lig Function
helps protect against excessive valgus (inward) stress
LCL Lig Function
It helps protect against excessive varus (outward) stress.
Wrisberg Lig Function
stabilizes meniscus
Wrisberg Lig Location
posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle (runs posterior to the pcl)
Humphrey’s Lig Function
supports meniscus
