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Physical Therapy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Ecchymosis

A

medical term for bruise - discoloration of the skin caused by internal bleeding

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2
Q

Definition of Edema

A

excess of watery fluid in cavities in your body

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3
Q

Definition of Effusion

A

abnormal amount of fluid flowing into a cavity from rupture or exudation - (the slow transfer of liquids between membranes)

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4
Q

Definition of Muscle Guarding

A

Body’s mechanism to protect area of an injury through stiffness, soreness, and bracing the area.

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5
Q

Definition of Subluxation

A

Temporary dislocation of a limb. Painful

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6
Q

Definition of Joint Laxity

A

Hypermobility of a joint

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7
Q

The head of the femur is covered in which type of cartilage?

A

Articular Cartilage - (cartilage for all joints)

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8
Q

The ligamentum teres attaches to which area of the head of the femur?

A

fovea capitis femoris

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9
Q

Medial Border of Inguinal Triangle

A

lateral border of rectus abdominus muscle

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10
Q

Lateral Border of Inguinal Triangle

A

Inferior Epigastric muscles

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11
Q

Inferior Border of Inguinal Triangle

A

Inguinal Ligament

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12
Q

Definition for femoroacetabular impingement

A

the femoral head doesn’t fit into the socket properly

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13
Q

What does HIPS stand for?

A

history, inspection, palpation, special tests

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14
Q

definition of contralateral motion

A

opposite limbs are moving the same direction

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15
Q

What is the name of this fibrocartilage rim around the acetabulum?

A

Labrum

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16
Q

Location of Arcuate Spine

A

directly inferior to the iliac fossa and the iliacus muscle

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17
Q

definition of arthritis

A

inflammation of the joints

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18
Q

location of iliac crest

A

superior border of the wing of ilium

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19
Q

Function of the acetabular labrum

A

improve joint stability

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20
Q

Which ligament helps stabilize the hip in extension?

A

ischiofemoral ligament

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21
Q

What is the acetabular labrum made of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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22
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Ball and socket

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23
Q

Where is the labrum located in the hip joint?

A

acetabulum

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24
Q

Your patient is a 35 year old male with low back pain. Upon observing his posture from the side view you observe that he stands in a position of excessive anterior pelvic tilt. Most likely he also has a ________ lordosis and his joints are _____.

A

increased; flexed

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25
Q

First stage of inflammation

A

Vascular

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26
Q

What are the 2 places that we have articular cartilage in the hip joint?

A

Head of the femur and acetabulum

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27
Q

What is femoral anteversion and who is it more common in?

A

Femur is twisted too far medially and is more common in children

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28
Q

Femoral Anteversion is more common in boys or girls?

A

Girls

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29
Q

Femoral Retroversion?

A

Femoral Neck is rotated backwards

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30
Q

How long does the acute inflammation stage last for?

A

Usually numbered in days (2-4)

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31
Q

Wolff’s law is concerned with?

A

The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it.

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32
Q

The mandible is —- to the atlas

A

Anterior

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33
Q

The IT band gets swollen from what?

A

Tendon rubbing on femur and tibia

34
Q

What are the conditions of inflammatory response?

A

redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of tissue function

35
Q

Autoimmune disease is when:

A

Your immune system fails to distinguish itself from pathogens and it starts killing itself

36
Q

What is the function of the head of the femur

A

Limit abduction

37
Q

What part of the pelvis do we sit on?

A

Ischial tuberosity

38
Q

What are the signs of inflammation?

A

Heat, redness, and pain

39
Q

Which ligament prevents excessive abduction of the femur

A

Pubofemoral ligament

40
Q

When the knees curve outwards when the feet touch?

A

Genu Varum

41
Q

What is a sign of posterior-pelvic tilt?

A

Rolled-forward shoulders

42
Q

Which ligament helps to maintain an upright posture

A

Iliofemoral ligament

43
Q

What causes anterior pelvic tilt?

A

Excessive belly weight, shortening of the hip flexors, and prolonged sitting

44
Q

What is the name of the INTRA-capsular ligament of the hip?

A

Ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres)

45
Q

What is erythema?

A

Reddening of the skin

46
Q

SI joint dysfunction is characterized by pain while:

A

Sitting

47
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that binds damaged tissue in response to inflammation?

A

Scar tissue

48
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt results in tight —- muscles and weak —-

A

hip flexor, abs

49
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt results in tight — muscles and weak —

A

hamstring and ab, hip flexors

50
Q

the loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

A

pes planus

51
Q

Thoracic curve is considered a —– curve and is termed —-

A

Kyphotic, primary

52
Q

Connections of the inguinal ligament

A

Anterior superior iliac spine - Pubic Tubercle

53
Q

What happens during the regeneration phase?

A

Body produces collagen, repairs damaged tissue, and initiates scar tissue

54
Q

The Femoral Lymph is found where?

A

Hesselbach’s triangle

55
Q

Where is the inguinal triangle located?

A

lower, anterior abdominal wall

56
Q

The Y ligament of Bigelow is also known as?

A

The Iliofemoral ligament

57
Q

What are the EXTRA-capsular ligaments of the hip?

A

Ischiofemoral, iliofemoral, Pubofemoral

58
Q

What are the three elements of Hemostasis?

A

Platelets, fibrin, thrombin

59
Q

Hypertonic

A

Having a greater degree of tone, tension

60
Q

Strongest ligament in the body

A

Iliofemoral ligament

61
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

immediate response to plug the blood vessels to prevent flow

62
Q

What is arthritis?

A

Inflammation of the joints

63
Q

Function of the ligamentum teres

A

Support pubofemoral ligament in limiting abduction and stabilizes the hip in a squatting position

64
Q

stages of inflammation

A

Acute, sub-acute, and chronic

65
Q

Acute Stage

A

Inflammation (lasts 2-4 days) - includes neutrophil arrival and macrophage activation

66
Q

Sub-Acute

A

Regeneration (lasts 6-weeks to 3-months) - includes rebuilding of wound with new collagen and fibroblasts initiate scar tissue

67
Q

Chronic

A

Remodeling (Takes up to a year post injury) - collagen is replaced with type 3 collagen (scar tissue) and the amounts of connective tissue and capillaries are reduced.

68
Q

Function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

prevents excessive extension and maintains upright posture at the hip

69
Q

What is the weakest ligament of the hip?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

70
Q

Function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A

Winds tightly to limit hip extension

71
Q

Function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents excessive abduction of the femur and limits extension

72
Q

Inguinal Ligament attachments

A

Pubic Tubercle to the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

73
Q

Medical use for inguinal ligament

A

Reference area for the deep ring (common site for hernia’s)

74
Q

Hesselbach’s Triangle Contents (NAVY)

A

-Femoral Nerve
-Femoral Artery
-Femoral Vein
-Femoral canal-Lymph

75
Q

What causes Labrum tears?

A

Femoracetabular Impingement and Osteoarthritis

76
Q

What does the Fitzgerald’s Test test for?

A

Labrum tears

77
Q

IT Band Syndrome

A

-irritation from rubbing against your hip and knee
- tendon runs from pelvis to tibia
-pronates your foot
- causes hip abductor weakness
- internal tibia torsion (medial rotation of tibia)
- Genu Varum

78
Q

Sacroiliac Joint Function

A

Transfers forces and load from the spine to the legs

79
Q

Sacroiliac Join Dysfunction

A
  • Pain felt below L5 and Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
  • Pain will be felt going upstairs and while sitting on the affected side
80
Q

What does the Faber’s Test test for?

A

SI Joint Dysfunction

81
Q
A

Physical Therapy (12 decks)

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