Exam 3 Flashcards
Definition of Ecchymosis
medical term for bruise - discoloration of the skin caused by internal bleeding
Definition of Edema
excess of watery fluid in cavities in your body
Definition of Effusion
abnormal amount of fluid flowing into a cavity from rupture or exudation - (the slow transfer of liquids between membranes)
Definition of Muscle Guarding
Body’s mechanism to protect area of an injury through stiffness, soreness, and bracing the area.
Definition of Subluxation
Temporary dislocation of a limb. Painful
Definition of Joint Laxity
Hypermobility of a joint
The head of the femur is covered in which type of cartilage?
Articular Cartilage - (cartilage for all joints)
The ligamentum teres attaches to which area of the head of the femur?
fovea capitis femoris
Medial Border of Inguinal Triangle
lateral border of rectus abdominus muscle
Lateral Border of Inguinal Triangle
Inferior Epigastric muscles
Inferior Border of Inguinal Triangle
Inguinal Ligament
Definition for femoroacetabular impingement
the femoral head doesn’t fit into the socket properly
What does HIPS stand for?
history, inspection, palpation, special tests
definition of contralateral motion
opposite limbs are moving the same direction
What is the name of this fibrocartilage rim around the acetabulum?
Labrum
Location of Arcuate Spine
directly inferior to the iliac fossa and the iliacus muscle
definition of arthritis
inflammation of the joints
location of iliac crest
superior border of the wing of ilium
Function of the acetabular labrum
improve joint stability
Which ligament helps stabilize the hip in extension?
ischiofemoral ligament
What is the acetabular labrum made of?
Fibrocartilage
What type of joint is the hip?
Ball and socket
Where is the labrum located in the hip joint?
acetabulum
Your patient is a 35 year old male with low back pain. Upon observing his posture from the side view you observe that he stands in a position of excessive anterior pelvic tilt. Most likely he also has a ________ lordosis and his joints are _____.
increased; flexed
First stage of inflammation
Vascular
What are the 2 places that we have articular cartilage in the hip joint?
Head of the femur and acetabulum
What is femoral anteversion and who is it more common in?
Femur is twisted too far medially and is more common in children
Femoral Anteversion is more common in boys or girls?
Girls
Femoral Retroversion?
Femoral Neck is rotated backwards
How long does the acute inflammation stage last for?
Usually numbered in days (2-4)
Wolff’s law is concerned with?
The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it.
The mandible is —- to the atlas
Anterior
The IT band gets swollen from what?
Tendon rubbing on femur and tibia
What are the conditions of inflammatory response?
redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of tissue function
Autoimmune disease is when:
Your immune system fails to distinguish itself from pathogens and it starts killing itself
What is the function of the head of the femur
Limit abduction
What part of the pelvis do we sit on?
Ischial tuberosity
What are the signs of inflammation?
Heat, redness, and pain
Which ligament prevents excessive abduction of the femur
Pubofemoral ligament
When the knees curve outwards when the feet touch?
Genu Varum
What is a sign of posterior-pelvic tilt?
Rolled-forward shoulders
Which ligament helps to maintain an upright posture
Iliofemoral ligament
What causes anterior pelvic tilt?
Excessive belly weight, shortening of the hip flexors, and prolonged sitting
What is the name of the INTRA-capsular ligament of the hip?
Ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres)
What is erythema?
Reddening of the skin
SI joint dysfunction is characterized by pain while:
Sitting
Fibrous connective tissue that binds damaged tissue in response to inflammation?
Scar tissue
Anterior pelvic tilt results in tight —- muscles and weak —-
hip flexor, abs
Posterior pelvic tilt results in tight — muscles and weak —
hamstring and ab, hip flexors
the loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
pes planus
Thoracic curve is considered a —– curve and is termed —-
Kyphotic, primary
Connections of the inguinal ligament
Anterior superior iliac spine - Pubic Tubercle
What happens during the regeneration phase?
Body produces collagen, repairs damaged tissue, and initiates scar tissue
The Femoral Lymph is found where?
Hesselbach’s triangle
Where is the inguinal triangle located?
lower, anterior abdominal wall
The Y ligament of Bigelow is also known as?
The Iliofemoral ligament
What are the EXTRA-capsular ligaments of the hip?
Ischiofemoral, iliofemoral, Pubofemoral
What are the three elements of Hemostasis?
Platelets, fibrin, thrombin
Hypertonic
Having a greater degree of tone, tension
Strongest ligament in the body
Iliofemoral ligament
What is hemostasis?
immediate response to plug the blood vessels to prevent flow
What is arthritis?
Inflammation of the joints
Function of the ligamentum teres
Support pubofemoral ligament in limiting abduction and stabilizes the hip in a squatting position
stages of inflammation
Acute, sub-acute, and chronic
Acute Stage
Inflammation (lasts 2-4 days) - includes neutrophil arrival and macrophage activation
Sub-Acute
Regeneration (lasts 6-weeks to 3-months) - includes rebuilding of wound with new collagen and fibroblasts initiate scar tissue
Chronic
Remodeling (Takes up to a year post injury) - collagen is replaced with type 3 collagen (scar tissue) and the amounts of connective tissue and capillaries are reduced.
Function of the iliofemoral ligament?
prevents excessive extension and maintains upright posture at the hip
What is the weakest ligament of the hip?
Ischiofemoral ligament
Function of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Winds tightly to limit hip extension
Function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevents excessive abduction of the femur and limits extension
Inguinal Ligament attachments
Pubic Tubercle to the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Medical use for inguinal ligament
Reference area for the deep ring (common site for hernia’s)
Hesselbach’s Triangle Contents (NAVY)
-Femoral Nerve
-Femoral Artery
-Femoral Vein
-Femoral canal-Lymph
What causes Labrum tears?
Femoracetabular Impingement and Osteoarthritis
What does the Fitzgerald’s Test test for?
Labrum tears
IT Band Syndrome
-irritation from rubbing against your hip and knee
- tendon runs from pelvis to tibia
-pronates your foot
- causes hip abductor weakness
- internal tibia torsion (medial rotation of tibia)
- Genu Varum
Sacroiliac Joint Function
Transfers forces and load from the spine to the legs
Sacroiliac Join Dysfunction
- Pain felt below L5 and Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
- Pain will be felt going upstairs and while sitting on the affected side
What does the Faber’s Test test for?
SI Joint Dysfunction
