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Theories of Personality - FREUD > PERSPECTIVES IN THEORIES OF PERSONALITY > Flashcards

PERSPECTIVES IN THEORIES OF PERSONALITY Flashcards

1
Q

Focused on the importance of early childhood experiences and on relationships with parents as guiding forces that shape personality development.

A

Psychodynamic

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2
Q

Views social and cultural forces as important.

A

Psychodynamic

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3
Q

People strive toward meaning, growth, well-being, happiness, and psychological health.

A

Humanistic-Existential

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4
Q

People are not only driven by a search for meaning but negative experiences are part of the human condition and can foster psychological growth.

A

Humanistic-Existential

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5
Q

People have a unique and long-term tendency to behave in particular ways. These unique dispositions are called traits.

A

Dispositional
(Perspective in TOP)

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6
Q

Differences in basic genetic, epigenetic, and neurological systems between individual is what influences our thoughts and behaviors.

A

Biological-Evolutionary
(Perspective)

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7
Q

Human thought, behavior and personality have been shaped by forces of evolution.

A

Biological-Evolutionary
(Perspective)

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8
Q

The focus is only on behavior, not hypothetical and unobservable internal states.

A

Learning-(Social) Cognitive
(Perspective)

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9
Q

Personality is shaped by how we think and perceive the world.

A

Learning-(Social) Cognitive
(perspective)

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10
Q

12 CONCEPTS OF HUMANITY/HUMAN NATURE

A

Determinism
Free Choice
Pessimism
Optimism
Causality
Teleology
Conscious
Unconscious
Social Biological
Influences
Uniqueness
Similarity

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11
Q

Human personality and behavior are
powerfully shaped by early childhood
relationships. They believed that humans are
primarily pleasure-seeking creatures dominated by sexual and aggressive impulses.

A

OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

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12
Q

OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

A

Human personality and behavior are
powerfully shaped by early childhood
relationships. They believed that humans are
primarily pleasure-seeking creatures dominated by sexual and aggressive impulses.

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13
Q

5 KEY CONCEPTS OF PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

A
  • LEVELS OF MENTAL LIFE
  • PROVINCES OF THE MIND
  • DYNAMICS OF PERSONALITY
  • DEFENSE MECHANISMS
  • PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
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14
Q

LEVELS OF MENTAL LIFE

A

UNCONSCIOUS
PRECONSCIOUS
CONSCIOUS

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15
Q

Contains drives, urges, and instincts beyond awareness. It is also the reason behind dreams, slips, and certain kinds of forgetting (repression).

A

UNCONSCIOUS

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16
Q

Contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty.

A

PRECONSCIOUS

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17
Q

Those mental elements in awareness at any given point in time.

A

CONSCIOUS

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18
Q

Phylogenetic Endowment

A

UNCONSCIOUS

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19
Q

Two sources:
1. Conscious Perception
2. Unconscious

A

PRECONSCIOUS

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20
Q

From two directions:
1. Perceptual Conscious System
2. Within mental structure and the preconscious

A

CONSCIOUS

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21
Q

PROVINCES OF THE MIND

A

ID (THE “IT”)
EGO (THE “I”)
SUPEREGO (THE “ABOVE I”)

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22
Q
  • Unrealistic
  • Serves the pleasure principle
  • Amoral
A

ID

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23
Q
  • Reality principle
  • Decision-making or executive branch of personality
A

EGO

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24
Q
  • Moralistic and idealistic principle
  • Unrealistic in its demand for perfection
A

SUPEREGO

25
Q

It is one of the provinces of mind that has two subsystems:
1. The conscience
2. Ego- ideal

A

SUPEREGO

26
Q

DYNAMICS OF PERSONALITY

A
  • DRIVES/INSTINCTS
  • ANXIETY
27
Q

Every basic drive is characterized by an
impetus, a source, an aim, and an object.

A

DRIVES/INSTINCTS

27
Q
  • Constant motivational force
  • Internal stimulus
A

DRIVES/INSTINCTS

28
Q

It is grouped into two major headings: Sex and Aggression

A

DRIVES/INSTINCTS

29
Q

The aim of sexual drive is pleasure
- Primary Narcissism
- Sadism
- Masochism

A

Sex

30
Q
  • Aim of destructive drive is to return the
    organism to an inorganic state
  • Flexible and can take many forms
A

Aggression

31
Q

It warns us against impeding danger

A

Anxiety

32
Q

Neurotic- Fear that one’s inner impulses cannot
be controlled
Moral- Fear of violating moral or societal codes
Realistic- Tangible fears/ dangers

A

Anxiety

33
Q

11 DEFENSE MECHANISMS

A
  1. Repression
  2. Reaction formation
  3. Displacement
  4. Fixation
  5. Regression
  6. Projection
  7. Introjection
  8. Sublimation
  9. Denial
  10. Rationalization
  11. Identification
34
Q

Satisfying an impulse with a substitute object

A

Displacement

34
Q

Blocking a wish or desire from the conscious
expression

A

Repression

35
Q

Expressing an impulse by its opposite

A

Reaction formation

35
Q

Remaining at the present, more comfortable psychological stage

A

Fixation

36
Q

Returning to an earlier form of expressing an impulse

A

Regression

36
Q

Attributing an unconscious impulse, attitude, or behavior to another

A

Projection

37
Q

Incorporating positive qualities of another person into
own ego

A

Introjection

37
Q

Rechanneling an impulse into a more socially desirable outlet

A

Sublimation

38
Q

Dealing with an emotion intellectually to avoid
emotional concern

A

Rationalization

38
Q

Refusing to accept an unpleasant reality

A

Denial

39
Q

Modeling one’s behavior after the behavior of someone else

A

Identification

40
Q
  • Most crucial for personality formation.
  • Exclusively Autoerotic
A

Infantile Stage

40
Q

The erogenous zone is the mouth
Two types of Oral activity:
1. Oral-receptive
2. Oral-sadistic

A

Infantile Stage / Oral Stage

40
Q

Oral Stage
(Birth to 1-year-old)

A

Infantile Stage

41
Q

Anal Stage
(1 to 3-year-old)

A

Infantile Stage

42
Q
  • Erogenous zone is the anus
  • Toilet training
  • Aggressive drive reaches fuller development
    Two sub-phases:
    1. Early Anal period Sadistic drive is stronger
    2. Late Anal period Anal-character (triad: orderliness, stinginess, obstinacy)
A

Infantile Stage / Anal Stage

43
Q

Phallic Stage
(4 to 6-year-old)

A

Infantile Stage

44
Q
  • Erogenous zone is the genital area
  • Dichotomy between male and female develops
  • Suppression of masturbation
  • Oedipus complex
    1. Male Oedipus complex
    • Castration anxiety
      1. Female Oedipus complex
    • Penis envy
A

Phallic Stage

44
Q

A Stage/period from 6 year-old to puberty

A

Latency
Period

44
Q
  • Dormant psychosexual development
  • Psychic energy is directed into social and cultural accomplishments
A

Latency
Period / Latency Stage

45
Q

Genital Stage
(Puberty onwards)

A

Genital Period

46
Q
  • Reawakening of the sexual aim
  • Sexual drive is no longer autoerotic
  • Synthesized sexual drive
A

Genital Period / Genital Stage

47
Q

A stage attained after a person has passed
through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal manner.

A

Maturity/ Psychological Maturity

47
Q

It fails to understand women and is strongly oriented toward men.

A

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY CRITICISMS

48
Q

Another criticism centers around his status as a scientist. His theory-building methods were considered by some writers as untenable and rather unscientific

A

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY: CRITICISMS

Theories of Personality - FREUD (5 decks)

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