FREUD'S LIFE

Question 1

the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental
illness and a theory explaining human behavior.

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud

Question 2

Sigmund Freud, born on _____, in what is now _____, _____ (then part of the _____
Empire), is hailed as the father of _____. He was the eldest of _____ children in a _____ family.

Answer 2

• May 6, 1856
• Pribor
• Czech republic
• Austrian
• psychoanalysis
• eight
• Jewish

Question 3

Freud introduced several influential concepts, including the _____, _____, and the structural model of the psyche divided into the ___, ___, ___.

Answer 3

Oedipus complex
dream analysis
id, ego, and superego

Question 4

He published numerous works throughout his career, the most notable being “_____” (1900), “_____” (1901), and “_____” (1905).

Answer 4

The Interpretation of Dreams
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality

Question 5

Freud died in London on _____.

Answer 5

September 23, 1939

Question 6

Freud is best known for developing psychoanalysis, a therapeutic technique for treating mental health disorders by exploring unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Answer 6

Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 7

Freud (1900, 1905) developed a topographical model of the mind, describing the features of the mind’s structure and function.
Freud used the analogy of an iceberg to describe the three levels of the mind.
An illustration of Freud’s Iceberg Theory,
where the conscious mind is the visible tip above the water, while the larger unconscious mind lies submerged, out of immediate sight yet immensely influential.

Answer 7

Unconscious Mind

Question 7

Freud proposed a tripartite model of the human mind, composed of the id, ego, and
superego.
The id represents primal desires, the ego balances the id and reality, and the superego represents societal norms and morals.
The id, ego, and superego have most commonly been conceptualized as three essential parts of
the human personality.

Answer 7

Personality

Question 8

Freud’s controversial theory of ______ _____ suggests that early childhood experiences and stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) shape our adult personality and behavior.
His theory of psychosexual stages of development is predicated by the concept that childhood experiences create the adult personality and that problems in early life would come back to haunt the individual as a mental illness.

Answer 8

Psychosexual Development

Question 9

Freud believed dreams were a window into the unconscious mind and
developed methods for analyzing dream content for repressed thoughts and desires.
Dreams represent unfulfilled wishes from the id, trying to break through to the conscious. But
because these desires are often unacceptable, they are disguised or censored using such
defenses as symbolism.
Freud believed that by undoing the dreamwork, the analyst could study the manifest content
(what they dreamt) and interpret the latent content ( what it meant) by understanding the symbols.

Answer 9

Dream Analysis

Question 10

Freud proposed several ___ ___, like repression and projection, which the ego employs to handle the tension and conflicts among the id, superego, and the demands of reality

Answer 10

Defense Mechanisms

Question 11

Known as the ‘birth of psychoanalysis,’ she was a patient of Freud’s colleague Josef Breuer. However, her case heavily influenced Freud’s thinking. She suffered from various symptoms, including hallucinations and paralysis, which Freud interpreted as signs of hysteria caused by repressed traumatic memories. The “talking cure” method with her, would later evolve into Freudian psychoanalysis.

Answer 11

Anna O. (Bertha Pappenheim)

Question 12

He is a five-year-old boy, feared horses. Freud never met him but used information from the boy’s father to diagnose him.
He proposed that his horse phobia was symbolic of a deeper fear related to the Oedipus Complex – unconscious feelings of affection for his mother and rivalry with his father. The case of him is often used as an example of Freud’s theory of the Oedipal Complex in children.

Answer 12

Little Hans (Herbert Graf)

Question 13

He came to Freud suffering from obsessive thoughts and fears related to rats, a condition known as obsessional neurosis.

Answer 13

Rat Man (Ernst Lanzer)

Question 14

He was a wealthy Russian aristocrat who came to Freud with various symptoms, including a recurring dream about wolves.
Freud’s analysis, focusing on childhood memories and dreams, led him to identify the presence of repressed memories and the influence of the Oedipus Complex. His treatment is often considered one of Freud’s most significant and controversial cases.
In the highly repressive “Victorian” society in which Freud lived and worked, women, in particular, were forced to repress their sexual needs. In many cases, the result was some form of neurotic illness.

Answer 14

Wolf Man (Sergei Pankejeff):

Question 15

Freud attracted many followers, who formed a famous group in 1902 called the “_____.”

Answer 15

“Psychological
Wednesday Society.”

Question 16

refers to psychologists who were initially followers of Sigmund Freud (1856 to
1939) but later developed their own theories, often modifying or challenging Freud’s ideas.

Answer 16

Neo-Freudians

Question 17

He was a close associate of Freud but split due to theoretical disagreements. He developed the concept of analytical psychology, emphasizing the collective unconscious, which houses universal symbols or archetypes shared by all human beings. He also introduced the idea of introversion and extraversion.

Answer 17

Carl Jung: Jung (1875 – 1961)

Question 18

He was another early follower of Freud who broke away due to differing views. He developed the school of individual psychology, highlighting the role of feelings of inferiority and the striving for superiority or success in shaping human behavior. He also emphasized the importance of social context and community.

Answer 18

Alfred Adler (1870 – 1937)

Question 19

He was an early collaborator with Freud and played a significant role in the development of psychoanalysis. He proposed the “trauma of birth” as a critical event influencing the psyche. Later, he shifted focus to the relationship between therapist and client, influencing the development of humanistic therapies.

Answer 19

Otto Rank (1884 – 1939)

Question 20

Challenged Freud’s views on women, arguing against the concept of “penis envy.” She suggested that social and cultural factors significantly influence personality development and mental health. Her concept of ‘basic anxiety’ centered on feelings of helplessness and insecurity in childhood, shaping adult behavior.

Answer 20

Karen Horney (1885 – 1952)

Question 20

He developed interpersonal psychoanalysis,
emphasizing the role of interpersonal relationships and social experiences in personality development and mental disorders. He proposed the concept of the “self-system” formed through experiences of approval and disapproval during childhood.

Answer 20

Harry Stack Sullivan (1892 – 1949)

Question 21

She is a prominent psychoanalyst, is considered a neo-Freudian due to her development of object relations theory, which expanded on Freud’s ideas. She emphasized the significance of early childhood experiences and the role of the mother-child relationship in psychological development.

Answer 21

Melanie Klein (1882 – 1960)

Question 21

Freud’s youngest daughter significantly contributed to psychoanalysis,
particularly in child psychology. She (1895 – 1982) expanded on her father’s work,
emphasizing the importance of ego defenses in managing conflict and preserving mental
health.

Answer 21

Anna Freud

Question 22

He was once a student of Freud, diverged by focusing on bodily experiences and sexual repression, developing the theory of orgone energy. His emphasis on societal influence and body-oriented therapy made him a significant neo-Freudian figure.

Answer 22

Wilhelm Reich (1897 – 1957),

Question 23

He was a German-American psychoanalyst associated with the Frankfurt School, who emphasized culture’s role in developing personality. He advocated psychoanalysis as a tool for curing cultural problems and thus reducing mental illness.

Answer 23

Erich Fromm (1900-1980)

Question 24

He extended Freud’s theory of psychosexual development by adding social and cultural aspects and proposing a lifespan development model. His theory of psychosocial development outlined eight stages, each marked by a specific crisis to critical Evaluation.

Answer 24

Erik Erikson (1902 – 1994)