Perspective on Nature vs. Nurutre Flashcards
Focuses on the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people.
Human Development
Concept of human development as lifelong process, which can be studied scientifically.
Lifespan Development
views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic,
multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss.
Lifespan Perspective
Domains of Development
Physical Development - Growth of the body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health. — biological processes that govern our body that affects our development
Cognitive Development - Learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. — anything that happens into our mind
Psychosocial Development - Emotions, personality, and social relationships. — how others affect you as a person and how you as a person affect other person (naaapektuhan ka ng parenting practices ng magulang mo, ng peers mo. may company na ng ibang tao)
a concept or practice that is an invention of a particular culture or society
Social Construct
which involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persists through life or change
Stability-Change-Issue
focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual, cumulative change and distinct stages.
Continuity-Discontinuity
Development that has stages.
Discontinuous
Development that has no stages.
Continuous
Physical changes.
Growth
the unfolding of natural sequence of physical change and behavior patterns
Maturation
functional changes. it encompasses physical, mental, and social aspects.
Development
how a person adapt to the environment.
Learning
scientific study of the extent to which genetic and environmental differences among people and animals are responsible for differences in their traits.
Behavioral Genetics
proportion of all the variability in the trait within a large sample of people that can be linked to genetic differences among those
individuals
Heritability
Who studied the heredity in plants?
Gregor Mendel
involves attempting to breed animals for a particular trait to determine whether the trait is heritable.
Selective Breeding
the percentage of pairs of people studied in which if one member of a pair displays the trait, the other does too.
Concordance Rate
wide range of possibility that it might exhibit differently.
Reaction Range
limited possible changes of changing (fixed)
Canalization Range
Genes turn on and off in patterned ways throughout the lifespan
Epigenetics
the effects of genes depend on what kind of environment we experiences, and how we respond to the environment depends on what genes we gave.
Gene-environment Interaction
common experiences that work to make them similar (e.g., parenting style)
shared environmental influences
unique experiences to the individual – those who are not shared with the other members of the family (e.g., parental favoritism)
nonshared environmental influences
parent provide for their children is influenced partly by the parents’ genotypes.
- musical parent + musical environment at home – give musical lessons to the child – child inherit the trait through combination of genetic and environment.
passive gene-environment
child’s genotype evokes certain kind of reactions from other people.
- yung bata may potential for music, inenroll sya sa music school.
- Glass-ceiling effect, you are not promoted because you are a female. (the environment reacts to her genes)
evocative gene-environment (reactive)
children’s genotype influence the kinds of environment they seek.
- person who loves music will probably seek out musical friends
active gene-environment
consists of inborn traits and characteristics provided by the child’s parents.
heredity - nature
influences stems from the outside body, starting from conception throughout life.
environment - nurture
people differ in gender, height, weight, and body build; in health and energy level, etc.
individual differences
context of development
- family - nuclear & extended
- socioeconomic status
- culture
- gender
- history
biological or environmental events that affect many or most people in a society in a similar ways and events that touch only certain individuals.
normative influences
highly similar for people in a particular age group. The timing of biological events is fairly predictable within a normal range.
— menstruation, quarter life crisis, midlife crisis
normative age-graded
Significant events (such as World War II or the COVID-19 pandemic) that shape the behavior and attitudes of a historical generation.
— lahat ng age cohorts affected
normative history-graded
unusual events that have a major impact on individual lives because they disturb the expected sequence of the life cycle. They are either typical events that happen at an atypical time of life or atypical events.
nonnormative influences
instinctively follow the first moving object they see.
imprinting
specific time when a given event, or its absence, has a specific impact on development.
critical period
when developing person is especially responsive to certain kind of experience.
sensitive period
modifiability of performance.
plasticity
set of logically related concepts or statements that seek to describe and explain development and to predict the kinds of behavior that might occur under certain conditions.
theory
explanations or predications that can
be tested by further research.
hypothesis
children are born “noble savages” who develop according to their own positive natural tendencies if not corrupted by
society.
Jean Jacque Rousseau
His theory is naturalism but he is an empiricist.
John Locke
People are like machines that react to environmental input. It results from the operation of biological parts in response to external or internal stimuli.
Mechanistic view
Sees people as active, growing organisms who set their own development in motion. They initiate events; they do not just react. Thus, the driving force for change is internal.
Organismic view
Is it mechanistic or organismic view?
- sorry i cheated, babaero kasi tatay ko. family genes acting up.
mechanistic view
change in number or amount, such as height, weight, or vocabulary size.
quantitative change
emergence of new phenomena that could not be easily predicted on the basis of the past basic functioning.
qualitative change
emphasized the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior.
evolutionary psychology
According to him, all children acquire language in the same way.
Noam Chomsky
