Developmental Research Designs

Question 1

children of different ages are assessed at ONE point of time.

Answer 1

cross-sectional

Question 2

no cases of attrition (dropping out of the study) or repeated testing (practice effect).

Answer 2

cross-sectional

Question 3

results can be affected by differing experiences of people born at different times.

Answer 3

cross-sectional

Question 4

more economical.

Answer 4

cross-sectional

Question 5

study the SAME GROUP or PERSON more than once, or even years apart.

Answer 5

longitudinal

Question 6

can track individual patterns of continuity and change.

Answer 6

longitudinal

Question 7

time-consuming and expensive.

Answer 7

longitudinal

Question 8

repeated testing could result to practice effect. attrition could be a problem.

Answer 8

longitudinal

Question 9

data are collected on successive cross-sectional or longitudinal samples.

Answer 9

sequential

Question 10

track people of different ages over time.

Answer 10

sequential

Question 11

allows researchers to separate age-related change from cohort effects and provides more complete picture of development.

Answer 11

sequential

Question 12

drawbacks of sequential research design

Answer 12

time, effort and complexity. requires large number of participants and collection and analysis of huge amounts of data over a period of years.

Question 13

aims to observe and record behavior.

Answer 13

descriptive research

Question 14

• Useful in rare cases
• Offers useful, in-depth information
• Can explore sources of behavior, test treatments, and suggest directions for further research

Answer 14

case study

Question 15

• Cannot be easily generalized to other population
• Cannot make strong causal statements
• low external validity

Answer 15

case study

Question 16

Help overcome cultural biases in theory and research.

Answer 16

ethnographic studies

Question 17

• Study of the relationship between one variable and another without manipulation
• No random assignment
• Lack of control over extraneous variables

Answer 17

correlational study

Question 18

• Cannot establish causation
• Used to study many important issues that cannot be studies experimentally for ethical reasons
• Can study multiple influences operating in natural correlational studysettings
• high external validity

Answer 18

correlational study

Question 19

• controlled procedure which the experiment manipulated variables to learn how one affects another
• Establish cause-and-effect

Answer 19

experiment

Question 20

natural experiment; compares
people who have been accidentally assigned to separate groups by circumstances of life.

Answer 20

quasi-experimental