Developmental Research Designs Flashcards
children of different ages are assessed at ONE point of time.
cross-sectional
no cases of attrition (dropping out of the study) or repeated testing (practice effect).
cross-sectional
results can be affected by differing experiences of people born at different times.
cross-sectional
more economical.
cross-sectional
study the SAME GROUP or PERSON more than once, or even years apart.
longitudinal
can track individual patterns of continuity and change.
longitudinal
time-consuming and expensive.
longitudinal
repeated testing could result to practice effect. attrition could be a problem.
longitudinal
data are collected on successive cross-sectional or longitudinal samples.
sequential
track people of different ages over time.
sequential
allows researchers to separate age-related change from cohort effects and provides more complete picture of development.
sequential
drawbacks of sequential research design
time, effort and complexity. requires large number of participants and collection and analysis of huge amounts of data over a period of years.
aims to observe and record behavior.
descriptive research
- Useful in rare cases
- Offers useful, in-depth information
- Can explore sources of behavior, test treatments, and suggest directions for further research
case study
- Cannot be easily generalized to other population
- Cannot make strong causal statements
- low external validity
case study
Help overcome cultural biases in theory and research.
ethnographic studies
- Study of the relationship between one variable and another without manipulation
- No random assignment
- Lack of control over extraneous variables
correlational study
- Cannot establish causation
- Used to study many important issues that cannot be studies experimentally for ethical reasons
- Can study multiple influences operating in natural correlational studysettings
- high external validity
correlational study
- controlled procedure which the experiment manipulated variables to learn how one affects another
- Establish cause-and-effect
experiment
natural experiment; compares
people who have been accidentally assigned to separate groups by circumstances of life.
quasi-experimental
