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Psych 12 > Personality, PDs + Abnormal Psych > Flashcards

Personality, PDs + Abnormal Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Personality

A

a persons internally-based characteristic way of acting and thinking

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2
Q

Define Character

A

personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated

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3
Q

Define Temperament

A

hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, moods, irritability and distractibility

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4
Q

Define Personality Trait

A

stable qualities that a person shows in most situations

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5
Q

Define Personality Type

A

people who have several traits in common

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6
Q

Describe Eysencks Three Factor theory

A

Eysenck believed that there are three factors in personality

Introversion vs Extroversion

Emotionally Stable vs Unstable (neurotic)

Impulse control vs psychotic

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7
Q

Describe the 4 combinations related to the four basic temperaments

A

Melancholic (introverted + unstable) = sad, gloomy

Choleric (extroverted + unstable) = hot tempered, irritable

Phlegmatic (introverted + stable)= sluggish, calm

Sanguine (extroverted + stable) = cheerful, hopeful

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8
Q

Describe Source and Surface traits

A

Source traits- underlying characteristics of a personality

Surface traits- features that make up the visible areas of personality

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9
Q

What are the 5 factors that are important to the source trait testing?

A

Openness

Conscientiousness (guided principles)

Etraversion

Agreeable

Neuroticism (linked to anxiety and obsession)

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10
Q

Give examples for low and high Openness

A

low - uncreative

high - creative

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11
Q

Give examples for low and high Conscientiousness

A

low - lazy

high - hard working

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12
Q

Give examples for low and high Extroversion

A

low - quiet

high - talkative

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13
Q

Give examples for low and high Agreeableness

A

low - suspicious

high - trusting

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14
Q

Give examples for low and high Neuroticism

A

low - calm

high - worried

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15
Q

What did Freud describe as ID

A

Id: innate, biological instincts and urges

totally unconscious

works on pleasure principle: wishes to have its desires satisfied now, without waiting and regardless of consequences

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16
Q

What did Freud Describe as Ego?

A

Ego: executive, directs Id energies

partially unconscious, partially conscious

works on Reality Principle: delays action until it is practical and/or appropriate

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17
Q

What did Freud describe as Superego?

A

Superego: judge/sensor for thoughts and actions of ego

comes from our parents/caregivers

guilt comes from the superego

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18
Q

Describe the 2 parts of Superego

A

Conscience- reflects actions for which a person has been punished
(what we shouldn’t do/be)

Ego Ideal- reflects behavior ones parents approved of or rewarded (what we should do/be)

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19
Q

Describe the External Locus of Control

A

perception that chance or external forces beyond personal control determine one’s fate

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20
Q

Describe the Internal Locus of Control

A

perception that you control your own fate

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21
Q

Describe Learned Helplessness

A

a sense of hopelessness in which a person thinks that they are unable to prevent events

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22
Q

Describe Human Nature

A

traits, qualities, potentials and behavior patterns most characteristic of humans

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23
Q

Describe Free Choice

A

ability to choose that is NOT controlled by genetics, learning or unconscious forces

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24
Q

What are the 3 levels of awareness?

A

Conscious- everything that you are aware of at any given moment

Preconscious- material that can easily be brought into awareness

Unconscious- holds repressed memories and emotions as well as the id’s instinct

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25
Q

Describe Maslow’s theory of the Hierarchy of Needs

A

the Hierarchy of Needs - our innate needs that motivate our actions are hierarchically arranged

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26
Q

Describe the 5 levels of the Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid

A

self actualization
—————————-
esteem + self esteem
———————————
love and belonging
————————————
safety and security
——————————————
physiological needs: air, food, water, sleep, sex etc

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27
Q

Describe Self Actualization

A

the fullest realization of a person’s potential

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28
Q

Describe characteristics of self actualized people

A

efficient perceptions of reality

comfortable acceptance of self, others and nature

fellowship with humanity

non-hostile sense of humor

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29
Q

Describe a Personality Disorder

A

an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from the cultural expectations

is inflexible and constant

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30
Q

Describe Ego-Dystonic

A

aware they have a problem

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31
Q

Describe Ego-Syntonic

A

unaware that they have a problem

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32
Q

Describe Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

distrust in others, constant suspicion of sinister motives

search for hidden meanings and read hostile intentions

quick to challenge loyalties and hold long grudges

appear cold and distant

33
Q

Describe Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

show detachment and disinterest in social interactions

limited range of emotions

weak social skills, do not show a need for attention or acceptance

humorless, distant and “extreme loners”

34
Q

Describe Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

need for social isolation

odd, eccentric behavior and thinking, unconventional beliefs (extra sensory abilities or paranormal activity)

misinterpret social situations

live in their own world

35
Q

Describe Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

lack of a conscience

prone to criminal behavior, believe their victims are weak and deserve to be taken advantage of

careless with money and commit reckless acts

often aggressive and are concerned with themselves over others

36
Q

Describe Borderline Personality Disorder

A

mood instability and poor self image

prone to constant mood swings and bouts of anger

take their anger out on themselves, suicidal threats and actions are common

37
Q

Describe Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

constant attention seekers

need to be center of attention, often interrupt others

may dress provocatively or exaggerate illnesses to gain attention

38
Q

Describe Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

self-centered

exaggerate achievements to act superior

choosy with friends as not everyone is “worthy”

uninterested in others feelings and may take advantage of them

39
Q

Describe Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

constant pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and sensitivity to negative evaluation

consider themselves to be socially less, personally unappealing and avoid social interaction in fear of being criticized or humiliated

40
Q

Describe Dependent Personality Disorder

A

constant pattern of dependence on other people

has difficulty making decisions without large amounts of advice and reassurance

41
Q

Describe OCPD

A

general psychological inflexibility. rigid conformity to rules and procedures

stress perfectionism above all else and feel anxious when things aren’t “right”

42
Q

Describe a Psychological Disorder

A

a “harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be abnormal, disturbing or unjustifiable

43
Q

What are Anxiety Disorders?

A

disorders where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety

patients are in a state of intense uneasiness, uncertainty and/or fear

44
Q

Describe Phobia

A

persistent and unreasonable fear of an object, activity or situation

experiences sudden episodes of intense dread

must be an irrational fear

45
Q

Describe Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

continuous tenseness, apprehension and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

constantly tense, worried, oversensitive, can’t concentrate and suffers from insomnia

46
Q

Describe Panic Disorder

A

periodic, discrete bouts of panic that occur abruptly and peak within 10 mins

symptoms: heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pains, faintness, dizziness

47
Q

Describe OCD

A

persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses or images that invade consciousness

repetition and rigid behaviors or acts that a person feels compelled to perform

48
Q

Describe PTSD

A

flashbacks or nightmares following a person’s involvement or observation of a stressful event

memories of the event cause anxiety

49
Q

Describe Somatoform Disorders

A

occurs when a person manifests/has a psychological problem through a physical symptom

50
Q

Describe Hypochondriasis

A

frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause

usually believe minor issues are severe illnesses

51
Q

Describe Conversion Disorder

A

report the existence of a severe physiological problem with no biological reason

extreme cases- blindness or paralysis

52
Q

Describe Dissociative Disorders

A

involve a disruption in the conscious process

53
Q

Describe Psychogenic Amnesia

A

where a person cannot remember things but have no physiological reason

retrograde amnesia from hours to years

usually traumatic memories are lost

54
Q

Describe Dissociative Fugue

A

reversible amnesia for personal identity

usually short lived (hours or day) but may last for months

may involve unplanned travel or wandering, may establish a new identity

often find themselves in unfamiliar environments

55
Q

Describe Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

several rather than one integrated personality

specific triggers/situations can cause individuals to switch personalities, but can also occur at random

associated with childhood abuse or trauma

56
Q

Describe Major Depression

A

severe, long lasting and debilitating sadness

unhappy for at least 2 weeks without direct cause

the “common cold” of psychological disorders

symptoms: sadness, loss of humor, distracted, lack of drive, suicidal thoughts, anxiety, staying in bed

57
Q

Describe Seasonal Affective Disorder

A

experience depression in the winter months

based on amount on sunlight

treated with light therapy

58
Q

Describe Bipolar Disorder

A

periods of depression and manic episodes

manic episodes involve feelings of high energy —> may be confidence, productivity, or irritability

tend to engage in risky behavior
—> excessive spending, unsafe sex, reckless driving etc during a manic episode

59
Q

Describe Schizophrenic Disorders

A

chronic illness where one loses touch with reality

symptoms: disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions

60
Q

Describe Disorganized Schizophrenia

A

disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate behavior

clang association (linking similar sounding words together)

61
Q

Describe Paranoid Schizophrenia

A

most common type

preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations—> hearing voices

62
Q

Describe Catatonic Schizophrenia

A

hold rigid poses for hours while ignoring external stimuli

flat effect, waxy flexibility

parrot-like repeating of another’s speech and movements

63
Q

Describe Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

A

many and varied symptoms of disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and actions, including catatonia

64
Q

Describe Body Image Disorders

A

a fixation or obsession with the body or face which interferes with health, daily life or relationships

may be a source of intense anxiety and/or depression

person diagnosed is usually unaware or ignorant to how others perceive them

65
Q

Describe Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

persistent and intrusive thoughts with imagined or slight defect in one’s appearance

may think their real or perceived flaws for hours each day

causes severe emotional distress leading to missing school/work and isolate themselves to avoid judgement of their “flaws”

may undergo unnecessary plastic surgery, yet never being satisfied with the results

66
Q

Describe Anorexia Nervosa

A

a relentless pursuit of thinnest and unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight, with extremely disturbed eating behaviors

exhibit a distortion of body image, but may use it as a way to control their lives

may see themselves as overweight even if severely malnurished

eating, exercise and weight control becomes obsessions

67
Q

Describe Bulimia Nervosa

A

frequent episodes of binge eating followed by a frantic effort to avoid gaining weight

a binge eating session may result in the intake of 3000-5000cal in an hour

constant battle between the desire to lose weight and the compulsion to binge eat

68
Q

Describe Impulse Control Disorders

A

an inability to resist the urge to do something harmful to themselves or others

afterwards, may feel blame, regret or guilt

69
Q

Describe Pathological Gambling

A

unable to resist the urge to gamble

begins in early adolescence in men and age 20-40 in women

symptoms: committing crimes to get money, restless and irritable when trying to quit, losing job, relationships etc

70
Q

Describe Pyromania

A

the inability to fight the urge to set fires —> negative feelings can only be relived by doing so

may be chronic (frequent) or only in times of unusual stress (episodic)

Symptoms: urge to set fires, unrelated to revenge, substance abuse or personal gain, pleasure/relief in doing so, shame, guilt or embarrassment after

71
Q

Describe Kleptomania

A

urge to steal items that are generally not needed and have little value

don’t steal for personal gain or revenge, only because they can’t resist the temptation

symptoms: increased anxiety, tension or arousal before theft, pleasure or relief while stealing, guilt, shame or fear after theft

72
Q

Describe Systematic Desensitization

A

a gradual exposure to the feared item

73
Q

Describe Flooding

A

a rapid exposure to feared item, all at once

74
Q

Describe Aversion Therapy

A

Pairing the unwanted behaviour with a negative stimulus

75
Q

Describe Psychoanalytic Therapy

A

use of psychosis to bring forward subconscious ideas—->

hypnosis

free association

dream interpretation

76
Q

Describe Humanistic Therapy

A

non-directive, client-centred therapy, uses active listening

self actualization, free-will and unconditional positive regard

77
Q

Describe Cognitive Therapy

A

changing the way we view the world

helps a person challenge unhelpful thoughts and avoid negative emotions/behaviours

78
Q

Describe Somatic Therapy (3 types)

A

Psychopharmacy —> antipsychotics, anti-anxiety, mood disorders, bi polar meds

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) —>depression

Psychosurgery —> prefrontal lobotomy

79
Q

Describe Group Therapy

A

involves 1 or more psychologists who lead a group of patients that act as support networks for each other

group members can help come up with ideas for improving difficult situations and hold you accountable

Psych 12 (4 decks)

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