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Psych EOR > Personality Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Cluster A personality disorders?

A

paranoid, schizoid, & schizotypal → ODD or ECCENTRIC

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2
Q

What are symptoms of paranoid personality disorder?

A
  • Suspects w/o evidence that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them
  • Preoccupied w/ unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends/associates
  • Reluctant to confide in others b/c of unwarranted fear that the info will be used maliciously against them
  • Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events
  • Persistently holds grudges (is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights).
  • Perceives attacks on their character that are not apparent to others & is quick to counterattack
  • Recurrent suspicions, w/o justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
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3
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for paranoid personality disorder?

A

Persistent suspiciousness & mistrust of others in early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by ≥4 sxs

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4
Q

How is paranoid personality disorder treated?

A

Psychotherapy (avoid group therapy!)

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5
Q

What is schizoid personality disorder?

A

Lifelong pattern of voluntary social withdrawl and anhedonic introversion

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6
Q

What are symptoms of schizoid personality disorder?

A

Schizoids AVOID perople
* Anhedonic: little pleasure in activities or relationships
* Voluntary social withdrawl: prefers to be alone, no desire for close or sexual relationships
* Odd-appearing or eccentric but lacks the bizarre thinking seen with schizotypical or schizophrenia
* Introvert loner, “hermit-like” behavior
* Indiffernt to the premises and critics of others
* Detached, falt, cold, constricted affect

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7
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for schizoid personality disorder?

A

Social withdrawal & restricted emotional expression in early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by ≥4 sxs

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8
Q

How is schizoid personality disorder treated?

A

psychotherapy

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9
Q

What is schizotypical personaltiy disorder?

A

Presents w/ eccentric behavior, magical thoughts, odd beliefs & perceptual distortion
* Pts are able to function in society, though struggle to maintain social relationships

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10
Q

What are symptoms of schizotypical personality disorder?

A
  • Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference)
  • Odd beliefs or magical thinking, inconsistent w/ cultural norms (superstitious, clairvoyance, telepathy,“sixth sense”)
  • Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions
  • Suspiciousness/paranoid ideation
  • Inappropriate or restricted affect
  • Odd, eccentric, or peculiar behavior/appearance
  • Odd thinking & speech (vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, stereotyped)
  • Lack close friends/confidants
  • Excessive social anxiety often a/w paranoid fears (does not diminish w/ familiarity)
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11
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for schizotypical personality disorder?

A

Pattern of social deficits marked by eccentric behavior, cognitive/perceptual distortions, & discomfort w/ close relationships, beginning by early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by ≥5 sxs

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12
Q

What is the treatment for schizotypical personality disorder?

A

Psychotherapy +/- short course of low-dose antipsychotics

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13
Q

What are Cluster B personality disorders?

A

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, & narcissistic → DRAMATIC, EMOTIONAL, OR ERRATIC

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14
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder?

A

A disregard for & violation of the rights of others w/ a lack of remorse which commonly results in criminality
* Sociopath: a lack of remorse & no concern for others
* Conduct disorder if < 18 years

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15
Q

What are symptoms of antisocial personality disorder?

A

Antisocial PD CORRUPTS
* Conduct disorder by 15 y/o & atleast 18 y/o

Atleast 3 of the following:
* Obligations are not honored
* Reckless & disregards the safety of others
* Remoreseless
* Uses other & Un-truthful
* Planning not meditated: impulsive
* Temper: irritable or aggressive towards others
* Society laws violated, Social norms disregarded & violation of the rights of others or committing unlawful acts

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16
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder?

A

Pattern of disregard & violation of the rights of others, since 15 y/o, as indicated by ≥3 sxs
* Must be ≥18 y/o w/ hx of childhood/adolescent behavior consistent w/ conduct disorder

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17
Q

How is antisocial personality disorder treated?

A

Psychotherapy → AVOID medications w/ high potential for abuse

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18
Q

What is borderline personality disorder?

A
  • Emotional instability, unstable relationships, & self-harming behavior
  • Black & white perception, splitting is a major defense mechanism (relationships are either all good or all bad)
  • MC Females > Males
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19
Q

What are symptoms of borderline personality disorder?

A

B’s of Borderline PD
* Cluster B disorder: dramatic, wild, erratic, impulsive & emotional
* Bat: mood swings
* Black & white thinking: thinks in extremes, all good or bad (splitting)
* Blown up (intense) reaction diproportionate to the event
* Broken: unstable relationships & fear of abandonment (breaking up)
* Bad behavior: impulsivity in self-damaging behaviors
* Bad sense of self

20
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder?

A

Unstable relationships, self-image, affect, & impulsivity by early adulthood & in a variety of contexts, as indicated by ≥5 sxs
* Impulsivity in ≥2 potentially harmful ways

21
Q

How is borderline personality disorder treated?

A

dialectal behavioral therapy (DBT)

22
Q

What is histrionic personality disorder?

A

Attention seeking, dramatic, seductive behaviors, large concern w/ appearance

23
Q

What are the symptoms of histrionic PD?

A

H’s for Histrionic PD
* Hey look at me: attention seeking, overly emotional, dramatic, seductive
* Hissy fits: self-absorbed, “temper tantrums” in an effort to draw themselves with the need to be the center of attention
* Hysterical: theatrical & dramatic
* Come Hither: oftern inappropriate, sexually provacative, seductive
* Hyper me up: seeks reassurance & praise often

24
Q

How is histrionic personality treated?

A

psychotherapy

25
Q

What is narcissistic personality disorder?

A

Need for admiration, grandiose thoughts, concerned about what others think yet lack empathy
* Sense of entitlement lacks empathy, reacts to criticism w/ rage

26
Q

What are symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder?

A
  • Exaggerated sense of self-importance (grandiosity)
  • Preoccupation w/ fantasies of unlimited money, success, brilliance, beauty, power, etc.
  • Believes they’re “special” or unique & can associate only w/ other high-status persons
  • Requires excessive admiration
  • Sense of entitlement (special treatment, automatic compliance w/ expectations)
  • Takes advantage of others for self-gain (interpersonally exploitive)
  • Lacks empathy (unwilling to recognize/identify w/ feelings/needs of others)
  • Envious of others or believes others are envious of them
  • Arrogant or haughty behaviors/attitudes
27
Q

How is narcissistic personality disorder treated?

A

Psychotherapy → AVOID medications w/ high potential for abuse

28
Q

What are Cluster C personality disorders?

A

avoidant, dependent, & obsessive-compulsive personality disorders → ANXIOUS OR FEARFUL

29
Q

What is avoidant personality disorder?

A

social inhibition due to an intense fear of rejection with a longing to relate to others

30
Q

What are symptoms of avoidant personality disorder?

A

Avoidant patients are AFRAID
* A voids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact
* Fears being critizied or rejected in social situations
* Reluctant to take personal risks or engage in new activities
* Afraid to get involved with others
* Inhibited in new interpersonal situations
* Deficient sence of self makes them view themselves as inferior to others
* Shows caution or restraint within intimate relationships

31
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for avoidant personality disorder?

A

social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, & hypersensitivity by early adulthood & in a variety of contexts, as indicated by ≥ 4 sxs

32
Q

How is avoidant personality disorder treated?

A

psychotherapy

33
Q

What are symptoms of dependent personality disorder?

A
  • Difficulty making everyday decisions w/o reassurance from others
  • Need others to assume responsibility for most areas of their life
  • Difficulty expressing disagreement b/c of fear of loss of approval/support
  • Difficulty initiating projects/doing things on their own b/c of lack of self-confidence
  • Goes to excessive lengths to obtain support from others (will volunteer to do things that are unpleasant)
  • Feels helpless when alone d/t exaggerated fear of being unable to care for self
  • Urgently seeks another relationship as source of care/support when one ends
  • Preoccupied w/ fears of being left to care for themselves
34
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for dependent personality disorder?

A

Need to be taken care of → submissive/clingy behavior by early adulthood & in a variety of contexts, as indicated by ≥ 5 sxs

35
Q

How is dependent personality disorder treated?

A

psychotherapy

36
Q

What is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A

Ego-syntonic: pt is not aware of their behavior causing issues
* WITHOUT obsessions or compulsions

37
Q

What are symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A
  • Preoccupation w/ details, rules, lists, & organizations such that a major point of activity lost
  • Perfectionism that interferes w/ task completion
  • Excessive devotion to work/productivity (often excludes leisure activity/friendships)
  • Excessive conscientiousness & scrupulousness about morals/ethics
  • Will not delegate tasks unless the person submits exactly to their way of doing things
  • Unable to discard worthless objects even if no sentimental value
  • Miserly spending style (view money as something to hoard for future catastrophes)
  • Rigid & stubborn
38
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A

preoccupation w/ order, perfectionism, & control, at the cost of flexibility & efficiency, by early adulthood & in a variety of contexts, as indicated by ≥ 4 sxs

39
Q

How is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder treated?

A

psychotherapy

40
Q

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

Ego-dystonic: behavior inconsistent w/ one’s own beliefs & attitudes

41
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind OCD?

A

Theorized due to abnormal communication between the basal ganglia, orbitofrontal cortex & the anterior cinguate gyrus

42
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for OCD?

A

presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both that are time-consuming (>1hr/day) or cause significant distress or dysfunction

43
Q

What are the 4 major patterns of OCD?

A
  1. contamination: cleaning, handwashing
  2. pathologic doubt or harm: checking
  3. symmetry/precision: ordering or counting
  4. intrusive obsessive thoughts
44
Q

How is OCD treated?

A

CBT (exposure & response prevention) + SSRIs (Fluoxetine, Sertraline)
* SSRIs: 12-16 wk trials → higher doses
* 2nd line: Clomipramine, tricyclic antidepressant
* Tx resistant: augment SSRIs w/ antipsychotics, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

45
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Preoccupation w/ an imagined defect in physical appearance/exaggerated distortion of a minor flaw
* Common concerns: face/hair/skin/breasts/genitalia
* High a/w MDD, GAD, OCD

46
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Preoccupation w/ ≥ 1 perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others
* Performes repetitive behaviors (mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking) or mental acts (comparing appearance) d/t concerns

47
Q

How is body dysmorphic disorder treated?

A

SSRIs, clomipramine, CBT

Psych EOR (9 decks)

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