Personality disorders Flashcards

Question

What are the maladaptive schemas associated with borderline personality disorder?

Answer 1

``` Fear of abandonment Emotional deprivation Mistrust Social isolation Self control (Insufficient self control) ```

Answer 2

Dialectical behavioural therapy is the mainstay. Medications are usually for control of affective instability, aggression, transient psychotic episodes, and self-harm Affective instability = Lithium and carbamazepine Aggression = Serotonergic agents (fluoxetine and sertraline. MAOI only if other treatments unsuccessful) Transient psychosis = atypical antipsychotics Self-harm = SSRI (if not succsesful, add naltrexone) Seroquel is prescribed generally for anxiety reduction.

Answer 3

1. Focus on reducing parasuicidal and suicidal behaviours, therapy interfering behaviours, and behaviours that reduce quality of life. 2. Focus on difficult problems like PTSD and prior abuse. 3. Focus on building self esteem and individual treatment goals.

Answer 4

CODE: 301.0 Four or more of the following: 1. Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him / her. 2. Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates. 3. Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her. 4. Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events. 5. Persistently bears grudges 6. Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent the others and is quick to react angrily or counter attack. 7. Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding the fidelity of spouse or sexual partner.

Answer 5

A pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others' motives are interpreted as malevolent

Answer 6

CODE: 301.20 Four or more of the following: 1. Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships including being part of a family. 2. Almost always chooses solitary activities. 3. Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person. 4. Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities. 5. Lacks close friends or confidants other than first degree relatives. 6. Appears indifferent to the praise of criticism of others. 7. Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affect.

Answer 7

A pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression.

Answer 8

CODE: 301.22 Five or more of the following: 1. Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference) 2. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behaviour and is inconsistent with subcultural norms. 3. Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions 4. Odd thinking and speech (vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, over-elaborate, stereotyped). 5. Superstitious or paranoid ideation. 6. Inappropriate or constricted affect. 7. Behaviour or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar. 8. Lack of close friends or confidants other than first degree relatives. 9. Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgements about self.

Answer 9

A pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behaviour.

Answer 10

CODE: 301.7 Three or more of the following: 1. Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviours, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest. 2. Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure. 3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead. 4.Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults. 5. Reckless disregard for safety for self and others 6. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behaviour or honour financial obligations. 7. Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalising having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from someone. + Over 18 + evidence of conduct disorder onset before 15

Answer 11

A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others

Answer 12

A pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, coupled with marked impulsivity.

Answer 13

CODE: 301.50 Five or more of the following: 1. Is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the centre of attention. 2. Interaction with others is often characterised by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behaviour. 3. Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expressions of emotion. 4. Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self. 5. Has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail. 6. Shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expressions of emotions 7. Is suggestible (easily influenced by others or circumstance). 8. Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are

Answer 14

A pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

Answer 15

CODE: 301.81 Five or more of the following: 1. Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (exaggerates talents and achievements, expects disproportionate recognition). 2. Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love. 3. Believes that he or she is special and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with other special or high-status people (or institutions) 4. Requires excessive admiration. 5. Has a sense of entitlement. 6. Is interpersonally exploitative. 7. Lacks empathy. 8. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her. 9. Shows arrogant, haughty behaviours or attitudes

Answer 16

A pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour related to an excessive need to be taken care of.

Answer 17

CODE: 301.82 Four or more of the following: 1. Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection. 2. Is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked. 3. Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed. 4. Is preoccupied with being criticised or rejected in social situations. 5. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy. 6. Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others. 7. Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.

Answer 18

Paranoid personality disorder

Answer 19

CODE: 301.6 Five or more of the following: 1. Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others. 2. Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life. 3. Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval (excluding reasonable fear of retribution) 4. Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own 5. Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant. 6. Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for him or herself. 7. Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends. 8. Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of him or herself.

Answer 20

Schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 21

CODE: 301.4 At least four of the following: 1. is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organisation, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost. 2. Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion 3. Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships 4. Is over conscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by religion). 5. Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value 6. is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things. 7. Adopts a miserly spending style towards both self and others, money viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophe 8. Shows rigidity and stubbornness

Answer 22

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 23

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 24

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 25

Avoidant personality disorder

Answer 26

Dependent personality disorder

Answer 27

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Answer 28

A. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, manifesting in the following areas: Cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control. B. The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations C. The enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. D. The pattern is stable and of long duration, and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood. E. The enduring pattern is not better explained as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder F. The enduring pattern is not attributable to the psychological effects of a substance (drugs) or another medical condition (head trauma)

Answer 29

Conduct disorder in early childhood, with delinquent behaviour in adolescence. Turns into a selfish, manipulative, and ruthless adult. Primary interest in others is what they can get from them

Answer 30

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 31

Social standards and rules

Answer 32

``` Self-reliant Cunning Forceful Risk-taking Thrill seeking Glib Shallow ```

Answer 33

``` Deceitful Irritable and aggressive Reckless disregard for others Lacks empathy Disrespectful of others ```

Answer 34

Impulsive Externally oriented Realistic

Answer 35

Avoids 'softer' emotions which connote weakness | Shows little guilt, remorse, or shame.

Answer 36

Ill tempered infantile pattern an an aggressive, impulsive adult pattern

Answer 37

Fearful and dismissing

Answer 38

Evaluation of self

Answer 39

Sense of entitlement Arrogant and thin skinned Self-assured and pompous

Answer 40

``` Requires excessive admiration Lacks empathy Envies or feels envied Arrogant and haughty Exploits others ```

Answer 41

Cognitive expansiveness and exaggeration Takes liberties with facts Impatient, persistent, and inflexible

Answer 42

Self-confident | Narcissistic rage

Answer 43

Active and responsive | Special talents and early language development

Answer 44

Fearful and dismissing

Answer 45

Belief that they are special and unique

Answer 46

Expectation that people recognise their specialness | Belief that the world revolves around them

Answer 47

Demands of authority figures Unstructured situations Demands of intimate and close relations

Answer 48

Perfectionistic and righteous Workaholic Dependable, reliable, and overly conscientious Indecisive and procrastinates

Answer 49

Devotion to tasks or work limits relationships Unwillingness to delegate or collaborate Rigid and stubborn Judgemental Autocratic to subordinates but deferential to supervisors Polite and loyal

Answer 50

Constricted -rule based Inflexibility Unimaginative

Answer 51

Grim and cheerless | Feeling avoidance

Answer 52

Irritable, difficult, or anxious

Answer 53

Preoccupied

Answer 54

Inflated sense of responsibility for things that go wrong

Answer 55

Everything is unpredictable and thus must be controlled

Answer 56

Unrelenting standards Punitiveness Emotional inhibition

Answer 57

Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion

Answer 58

Odd / eccentric: Paranoid personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 59

Dramatic / emotional / erratic: Antisocial personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Histrionic personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 60

Anxious / fearful: Avoidant personality disorder Dependent personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Answer 61

Avoidance Rigidity Impairment of reality testing

Answer 62

Antisocial attitudes Impulsivity Emotional dysregulation

Answer 63

Avoidance | Preoccupied anxiety