Personality Disorders Flashcards
List the diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder
Enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from expectation of individual’s culture by >=2
- cognition
- affectivity
- interpersonal functioning
- impulse control
Enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations
Cause distress or impairement
Pattern is stable and long term with onset traced back to adolescents
No other condition
Discuss the development of a personality disorder
Temperament
- includes the biological/genetic component of personality
Environmental
- adverse childhood events increase the risk of developing an adverse childhood event
Discuss the different classes of personality disorders
Cluster A
- odd or eccentric behaviour
- schizoid, schizotypal, and paranoid
Cluster B:
- dramatic, emotional or erratic behaviour
- antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissitic
Cluster C
- anxious or fearful
- obsessive compulsive, dependent, avoidant
List the diagnostic criteria for schizoid
pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of expression as shown by >=4
- neither desire nor enjoy close relationships
- always choose solitary activities
- little to no interest in sexual experiences
- takes pleasure in few or no activities
- lack close friends
- appear indifferent to praise or critiscm
- show emotional coldness
List the diagnostic criteria for schizotypal
- greatest risk for developing schizophrenia (10-20%)
Pervasive pattern of acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for social relationships, cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentriticies of behaviour as seen by >=4 - ideas of reference
- odd belief or magical thinking
- unusual perceptual illusions
- odd thinking
- suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
- inappropriate affect
- behaviour is odd, eccentric and peculiar
- lack of close friend
- excessive social anxiety
Treatment - with antipschotic if have psychotic episode
List the diagnostic criteria for paranoid
Pervasive distrust of others interpreting other motives as malevolent by >=4
- suspect that others are exploiting, harming, deceiving
- preoccupied unjustful doubts about loyalty
- reluctant to confide in others due to fear that they will use information against them
- reads hidden demeaning or threatening remarks
- bears grudges
- perceives attacks
- recurrent suspicions
List the risk factors for paranoid personality disorder
- hearing impaired
- new immigrants
- minority groups
List distinguishing presenting features in Cluster A personality disorders
- all can have brief psychotic episode when under stress Schizoid - asocial loner - bland, distant Schizotypal - superstitious and preccupied with paranormal behaviour - odd, eccentric - cannot display affect Paranoid - pathologically jealous - need to control intimate relationships - labile range of affect
List the diagnostic criteria for histrionic
- least impairing personality disorder
Pervasive excessive emotionality and attention seeking by >=5 - uncomfortable in situation not the centre of
- interaction with other by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behaviour
- rapidly shifting and shallow expression
- use physical appearence to draw attention to oneself
- style of speech is excessively impressionistic and lacks detail
- self dramatization and exaggerated emotional expression
- suggestible
- consider relationship to be more intimate then they are
List the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder
Pervaisve disregard for and violation of rights of others by >=3 of the following
- repeated law breaking that are grounds for arrest
- deceitfulness
- impuslivity
- irritable and aggressive
- reckless disregard for safety of self and others
- consistent irresponsibility
- lack of remorese
Patter began by age 15 and are older then 18
Discuss the risk and preventive factors for antisocial personality
Risks
- Genetic MAO-A low activity gene
- utero exposure to smoking or starvation
- poverty for youth with aggressive behaviour
- childhood onset of conduct disorder
Prevention
- reduce adverse childhood events
- reduce childhood punishment
- early intervention for child with at risk mom
- secondary prevention of preventing children with aggressive behaviour to progress by education and positive parenting
List the diagnostic criteria for narcissitic
Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy shown by >=5
- Grandiose
- Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success
- belief that they are special
- require excessive admiration
- sense of entitlement
- interpersonally exploitative
- envious of others
- arrogant
List the diagnostic criteria for borderline
Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, affect and marked impulsivity by >=5
- affective instability due to marked reactive of mood
- feeling of emptiness
- intense anger and difficulty controlling anger
- extreme effort to avoid real or imagined abandonment
- intense interpersonal relationship with idealization and devaluation
- impulsivity with damaging consequences
- recurrent suicidal behaviour
- identity disturbance: inconsistent view of self
- paranoid ideation
List good and poor prognostic factors for borderline
Good
- high global functioning
Poor
- concurrent substance dependence
List acute risk and acute protective factors for suicide in borderline
Risk - major depression - substance use - discharge from hospital - recent negative news Good - crisis skills - administration of low dose antipsychotics - hospitalization - alternative solutions to problems that trigger suicide
