Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psyc 385 > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Why are personality disorders so problematic?

A

Diagnosis is controversial. Inter-rater reliability is good, test-retest is bad. Lots of overlap between personality disorders and comorbidity. Etiology is poorly understood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the DSM definition of personality disorders?

A

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence and early adulthood, is stable overtime and leads to distress and impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the cluster A personality disorders also known as?

A

Odd/Eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who do personality disorders distress the most?

A

Other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 disorders make up the Cluster A personality disorders?

A

Schizoid, Schizotypal, Paranoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is characteristic of schizoid personality disorder?

A

Extreme isolation, inability to enjoy social relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is characteristic of schizotypal personality disorder?

A

Social awkwardness, bizarre thoughts and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is characteristic of paranoid personality disorder?

A

Suspiciousness, hostility, lack of trust in relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the Cluster B personality disorders also known as?

A

Dramatic/emotional/erratic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 3 disorders make up Cluster B?

A

Histrionic, Narcissistic, Antisocial, Borderline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is characteristic of histrionic personality disorder?

A

Flamboyant but superficial style, self-centredness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder?

A

Grandiosity, lack of empathy, need for admiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

A

Cruel and aggressive behaviour, disregard for rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is characteristic of borderline personality disorder?

A

Emotional instability, fear of abandonment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the Cluster C personality disorders also known as?

A

Anxious/fearful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 3 disorders make up the Cluster C personality disorders?

A

Dependent, Avoidant, Obsessive-compulsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is characteristic of dependent personality disorder?

A

Submissive and passive style, need to be taken care of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is characteristic of avoidant personality disorder?

A

Social withdrawal out of fear of criticism or inadequacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is characteristic of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A

Rigid adherence to rules and details, desire for perfection that outweighs human rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some important characteristics of personality disorders?

A 
Longstanding and pervasive
Causes social distress to others
Ego-syntonic
Later leads to personal distress
Culturally dependent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does it mean by personality disorders are ego-syntonic?

A

The person is quite fine with how they are. The problem isn’t them, it’s you.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How are personality disorders culturally dependent?

A

Some cultures value the traits that come with personality disorders. Ex: Ability to fight, defend family and possessions without empathy towards others, survival tactic in some cultures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Criterion A in the diagnosis of Personality disorders?

A

Pattern of behaviour must manifest in two of the following: Cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, impulse control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Criterion B in the diagnosis of personality disorders?

A

Enduring pattern of behaviour that is rigid and consistent across a broad range of situations

25
Q

What is Criterion C in the diagnosis of personality disorders?

A

Behaviour should lead to clinically significant distress

26
Q

What is Criterion D in the diagnosis of personality disorders?

A

Stability and long duration of symptoms with onset in adolescence or earlier

27
Q

What is criterion E in the diagnosis of personality disorders?

A

Behaviour cannot be accounted for by another disorder

28
Q

What is Criterion F in the diagnosis of personality disorders?

A

The behaviour is not attributed to the effects of a substance or medication, or to a general medical condition

29
Q

What will clinicians have to do if the DSM moves to a hybrid dimensional categorical model of assesment for personality disorders?

A

Will need to assess for pathological personality traits associated with one (possibly more) personality disorders in order to produce a diagnosis

30
Q

Which four disorders does the hybrid dimensional model propose should be abolished?

A

Schizoid, histrionic, paranoid, dependent

31
Q

Why is the diagnosis of personality disorders so difficult?

A
  • Mental health professionals are unfamiliar with criteria or don’t take time to see if patients do meet criteria
  • Comorbidity with other clinical disorders that overlap with each other, especially in the same cluster
  • Being diagnosed with one PD means another one as well
32
Q

Which cluster of disorders has a high chance of being diagnosed with a second personality disorder?

A

Cluster B

33
Q

What is attachment theory?

A

Poor attachment leads to ambivalence, fear, avoidance, and other deficits in intimate relationships. The parent-child bond is a template for later relationships

34
Q

Which celebrity has BPD?

A

Angelina Jolie

35
Q

Which celebrity has been supposed to have OCPD?

A

Steve Jobs. Was incredibly difficult to work with, but also incredibly creative because of it

36
Q

What is the cognitive behavioural perspective on personality disorders?

A

Schemas develop early in life and become rigid. Rigid, distorted schemas become familiar and comfortable. Invalidation of childs emotional experiences and simplistic problem solving. Parents model antisocial or inappropriate behaviour, child discipline is aggressive and non-contingent

37
Q

What does it mean by child discipline is non-contingent?

A

Discipline is not clearly related to the childs behaviour. If a child fights, not disciplined. If he spills a class of milk, is berated.

38
Q

What disorder is associated with fronto-temporal dysfunctions?

A

Schizotypal

39
Q

What disorder is fronto-limbic dysfunction related to?

A

Borderline Personality Disorder

40
Q

Which cluster of disorders has the highest heritability factor?

A

Cluster B

41
Q

What is the heritability coefficient for personality disorders?

A

.75

42
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence of personality disorders?

A

6-9%

43
Q

Which three disorders have the highest prevalence rates?

A

Antisocial, schizotypal, histrionic

44
Q

Which disorder has the lowest prevalence rate?

A

Narcissistic

45
Q

Which population has the highest prevalence for personality disorders?

A

Prison populations (70%)

46
Q

What percentage of people with personality disorders seek treatment? Which cluster seeks it the most?

A

39%. Cluster B seeks the most (49.1%)

47
Q

Which populations are more at risk for each cluster?

A

Cluster A: Men who have never married
Cluster B: Young, poorly educated men
Cluster C: People who finished high school but never married

48
Q

Which personality disorders are more commonly diagnosed in women?

A

Avoidant, dependent, borderline

49
Q

Which personality disorder is more commonly diagnosed in men?

A

Antisocial

50
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder?

A

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and the violation of rights of others that begins in childhood or adolescence and continues till adulthood. Requires a history of conduct disorder before age 15

51
Q

What are some things included in the violation of the rights of others?

A

Nonconformity, callousness, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, impulsivity, aggressiveness, recklessness.

52
Q

Why does ASPD happen?

A

Diathesis-stress conditions; genetic propositions combine with social enviromental influences. Men with ASPD have a history of abuse and non-contingent punishment, that makes them indifferent to to punishment

53
Q

What types of punishment do men with ASPD still shows sensitivity to?

A

Involves losing money or valued privileges.

54
Q

What is characteristic of a psychopath?

A

Not feeling any “real” emotion or recognize emotions in others. Uncanny ability to detect vulnerability. Not necessarily violent (but when they are, commit a bunch of cold-blooded crimes and many enjoy doing so),

55
Q

What is fundamental psychopathy and secondary psychopathy?

A

Fundamental: Heavily based on biology
Secondary: Results primarily from severe negative experiences in childhood

56
Q

Is treatment effective for personality disorders?

A

Not really

57
Q

Which cluster of personality disorders is often court mandated?

A

Cluster B

58
Q

What is dialectic behaviour therapy and which personality disorder has it proved effective for?

A

Group treatment that includes social skills building, empathy training, behaviour therapy approaches, emotional management, vocational training

59
Q

Which comorbid conditions tend to do better/worse with treatment?

A

Better: depression and anxiety
Worse: Substance abuse disorders

Psyc 385 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions