Personality disorders Flashcards
What is personality?
A cluster of relatively predictable patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is generally consistent across time, space, and context
What are the 5 factors of personality (5-factor model) - OCEAN
- O - Openness
- C - Conscientiousness
- E - Extraversion
- A - Agreeableness
- N - Neuroticism
What are some parts of the self that contribute to personality?
- Identity
- Self-evaluation
- Affect regulation
- Direction
What are some parts of relationship to others that contribute to personality?
- Intimacy
- Boundaries
- Sense of security in relationships
What are personality disorders?
Lifelong, persistent, deeply ingrained maladaptive behaviour that characterizes an individual and deviates markedly from culturally expected or expected ‘normal’ range
What are the 3 methods of categorisation of personality disorders according to ICD-11?
Dominant trait
Severity
Borderline (Y/N)
What are the 5 ICD-11 classes of personality disorder by dominant trait?
- Negative affectivity
- Detachment
- Dissociality
- Disinhibition
- Anankastia
Features of anankastia Pas?
- Perfectionism
- Concern with social rules
- Obligations
- Scrupulous attention to detail
- Rigid routines
- Hyper-scheduling & planfulness
- Emphasis on organisation, orderliness, & neatness
- Rigid control of expressions of emotion
- Inflexibility
- Risk avoidance
- Perseveration
- Deliberativeness
Features of negative affectivity PDs?
- Negative emotions with:
- Disproportionate frequency & intensity
- Labile
- Poor regulation of emotions
- Negative attitudes & attributions
- ↓self esteem & confidence
- ↓ trust
Features of detachment PDs?
- Social & emotional distance
- Avoidance of intimacy
- Reserved
- Aloof
- Limited experience & expression of emotionn.
Features of dissociality PDs?
- Disregard for rights & feeling of others
- Egotistic
- Lack of empathy
- Entitled
- Attention-seeking
- Indifferent to the consequences for others & thus uses deception, manipulation, & exploitation
Features of disinhibition PDs?
- Acts rashly
- 2-ary to immediate internal or external stimuli
- Impulsive
- Reckless
- Distractible
What is meant by borderline pattern?
Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image and affect, & marked impulsivity
What are some features of borderline pattern personality disorder?
- Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment;
- Pattern of intense & unstable r-ships;
- Identity disturbance;
- Tendency to act rashly in states of highly –ive affect;
- Recurrent episodes of DSH;
- Emotional instability;
- Chronic feelings of emptiness;
- Intense anger a/o difficulty controlling anger;
- Transient dissociative states in situations of high affective aroused.
What are some causes of personality disorder?
- Heritable
- Antenatal adversity
- ACEs (physical, emotional, sexual, abuse, neglect, parental Ψ illness)
What are some theoretical models of personality development?
Bowlby’s attachment theory
Object-relations theory
Cognition/behavioural model
What is Bowlby’s attachment theory?
Early disruption in relationship with primary care-givers leads to pathology of regulation of affect & development of identity
What is the object-relations theory?
Early internal representations of self & important others is recapitulated in adulthood
What is the cognitive/behavioural model?
Conditioning (e.g through invalidating environments) and modelling has repercussions on emotions, cognition, behavioural patterns, & on phenotypes
What is an alternative to the current ICD-11 dimensional classification of PDs?
3-cluster model
What are the 3 clusters of the 3-cluster model of PD
Cluster A - Suspicious
Cluster B - Emotional or impulsive
Cluster C - Anxious
What are the 3 sub-types of cluster A (Suspicious) PD?
- Paranoid
- Schizoid
- Schitzotypal
What are the 4 sub-types of cluster B (Emotional or impulsive) PD?
- Antisocial
- Borderline
- Histrionic
- Narcisisstic
What are the 3 sub-types of cluster C (Anxious) PD?
- Avoidant
- Dependant
- Obsessive-compulsive
How can personality disorders be managed?
There is no cure, it is about long term management to find ways around the persons disorder
Dialectical behaviour therapy is a form of therapy used in borderline personality disorder and is a way of managing acceptance and change
