Personality Disorders Flashcards
What is a personality disorder?
A pattern of experience and behavior that deviates significantly from normal expectations
What are the criteria that need to be met to diagnose a personality disorder?
Pattern of behavior must be inflexible and pervasive, lead to clinically significant distress or impairment, and be stable with a long duration
What are Cluster A personality disorders?
Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal
What are the general characteristics of Cluster A disorders?
Odd & eccentric
What is characteristic of paranoid personality disorder?
Distrust, suspiciousness, jealousy, blames others, critical
What are the risk factors for developing paranoid personality disorder?
People who were the objects of excessive rage and humiliation
What is the treatment for paranoid personality disorder?
Psychotherapy, antianxiety medication, and antipsychotic medication
What is characteristic of schizoid personality disorder?
Inability to form close personal relationships, social isolation, flat & dull affect
What are the risk factors for schizoid?
Raised in a cold and neglectful atmosphere & family history of schizo disorders
What is the treatment for schizoid personality disorder?
Antidepressant (Bupropion) to increase pleasure in life
Risperidone and Olanzapine to improve flattened emotions
What is characteristic of schizotypal disorder?
Magical thinking, odd speech patterns, illusions
What are the risk factors for schizotypal disorder?
Genetics & structural abnormalities in the brain
What is the treatment for schizotypal personality disorder?
No specific medications, psychotherapy, & group therapy
What is the major difference between schizotypal disorder and schizophrenia?
People with schizotypal disorder can be made aware of their misinterpretations of reality
What Cluster of personality disorders is found predominantly in men?
Cluster A
What are Cluster B personality disorders?
Borderline, narcissistic, histrionic, and antisocial
What are the general characteristics of Cluster B disorders?
Dramatic, erratic & emotional
What Cluster of personality disorder is found predominantly in women?
Cluster B
What are the risk factors for borderline personality disorder?
Disruption of the normal separation-individuation of the child from the mother
What is characteristic of borderline personality disorder?
Chronic depression, splitting, inability to be alone, self-destructive, & impulsivity
How should a nurse assess a patient for possible borderline disorder?
Assess for: suicidal/homicidal thoughts, another medical or psychiatric disorder, personality functioning, recent loss, change in personality in middle adulthood or later
What is the treatment for borderline personality disorder?
Naltrexone
Anticonvulsant mood-stabilizing medication, low dose antipsychotics, and Omega-3 supplement
What are the risk factors for histrionic personality disorder?
3-5 year old being overly attached to opposite sex parent
What is characteristic of histrionic personality disorder?
Attention seeking, exaggerated expression of emotions, & constantly seeking approval
What are the risk factors for antisocial personality disorder?
History of abuse & neglect, genetically linked to trait of aggressive-disregard
What is characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
Can appear normal, manipulative, high-risk taking, absence of empathy or guilt
What are the risk factors for narcissistic personality disorder?
Childhood neglect and criticism
What is characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder?
Self-importance, sense of entitlement, believes they are special, arrogance
What are Cluster C personality disorders?
Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive
What are the general characteristics of Cluster C personality disorders?
Anxious and fearful
What is characteristic of avoidant disorder?
Reluctance to engage in unfamiliar activities, feelings of inferiority
What is characteristic of dependent disorder?
High need to be taken care of, fear of separation, lack of self-confidence
What is characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Perfectionism, difficulty expressing emotions, excessive devotion to work, judgmental
What is the treatment for OCD?
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
