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psykologi- madrid > personality disorders > Flashcards

personality disorders Flashcards

1
Q

who was the pioneer in the study of psychopathology?

A

Théodule- Armand RIBOT

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2
Q

what key features is there for personality disorder?

A
  1. Behavior and inner experience not expected (socioculturally).
  2. Inflexible.
  3. Onset in adolescence and stable.
  4. Leads to distress or impairment.
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3
Q

name some differences with other psychological disorders

A
  1. They are more ego-syntonic (behavior, feelings and thoughts more acceptable or desirable).
  2. So, less awareness of the disorder.
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4
Q

what is the prevalence for personality disorders?

A

9-15%. HIGH!

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5
Q

describe the Multiaxial system

A

Axis I: Disorders
Axis II: Personality Disorders; Intelectual Disability
Axis III: Medical illness
Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems
Axis V: Global Evaluation

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6
Q

does DSM-5 use the Multiaxial system?

A

no, but many professionals still use it.

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7
Q

what kind of scales can you use for evaluation?

A
  1. Scales for Personality traits (nonpathological).
  2. Scales for a complete screening for personality disordes.
  3. Scales for a particular personality disorder.
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8
Q

what is the five major personality factors?

A
  1. Neuroticism or emotional instability.
  2. Extraversion.
  3. Agreeableness (cooperative, warm, honest, considerate, kind, etc.).
  4. Openness to experience.
  5. Conscientiousness (diligent, careful, responsable, etc.).
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9
Q

name a scale for a complete screening for personality disorders

A

MCMI- Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory

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10
Q

name 2 scales for particular disorders

A
  • SPQ- Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire
  • PCL- psychopathy checklist
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11
Q

what kinds of intervention is there for personality disorders?

A
  1. Individual psychotherapy
  2. Group therapy
  3. Family therapy
  4. Pharmacotherapy
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12
Q

describe the Dialectical Behavior Therapy

A
  • it’s a combination of acceptance, cognitive
    restructuring, and mindfulness.
  • the goals is:
    1. To learn that human relationships are not only a love-and-hate issue.
    2. To manage anger and stress.
    3. To control impulses.
    4. To increase self-steem.
    5. To set personal goals.
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13
Q

which are the Main types of personality disorders?

A
  • Cluster A: Appear “odd or eccentric”.
    – Paranoid personality disorder
    – Schizoid p. d.
    – Schizotypal p. d.
  • Cluster B: Appear “dramatic, emotional, or erratic”.
    – Borderline p. d.
    – Antisocial p. d.
    – Histrionic p. d.
    – Narcissistic p. d.
  • Cluster C: Appear “anxious or fearful”.
    – Avoidant p. d.
    – Dependant p. d.
    – Obsessive p. d
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14
Q

describe paranoid personality disorder

A

a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that other’s motives are malevolent

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15
Q

what is the prevalence for paranoid personality disorder?

A

2.3-4.4%

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16
Q

what comorbidity is there for paranoid personality disorder

A

other personality disorders

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17
Q

describe schizoid personality disorder

A

a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

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18
Q

what is the prevalence for schizoid pd

A

3.1-4.9%

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19
Q

what comorbidity is there for schizoid pd

A

other personality disorders

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20
Q

describe schizotypal pd

A

a pattern of:
- eccentricities of behavior
- cognitive or perceptual distorsions
- acute discomfort in close relationships

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21
Q

what is the prevalence for schizotypal pd

A
  • 3.9%
  • norway 0.6 and USA 4.6
  • more prevalent if parents suffer from schizophrenia
22
Q

what comorbidity is there for schizotypal pd

A
  • other personality disorders (eg paranoid personality disorders)
  • generalized social phobia
  • mood disorders
23
Q

what evaluation is there for schizotypal personality disorder

A

SPQ- schizotypal personality questionnaire

24
Q

describe borderline personality disorder

A

a pattern of:
- instability in interpersonal relationships
- instability in self-image and affects
- unstable emotions: marked impulsivity

25
Q

describe Instability in interpersonal relationships (borderline)

A
  • Marked sensitivity to rejection or criticism
  • Fear of abandonment
  • Idealization and devaluation of others
  • Manipulative behavior
26
Q

describe Instability in self-image and affects (borderline)

A
  • Feeling of emptiness
  • Difficulty knowing what they value, believe
    or prefer
27
Q

describe Unstable emotions: marked impulsivity (borderline)

A
  • Running away
  • Leaving jobs
  • Self-injury (50-80%)
28
Q

what is the prevalence for borderline

A
  • 1-2%
  • risk of suicide: 5-10%
29
Q

what comorbidity is there for borderline

A
  • Mood disorders
  • Substance abuse
  • Impulse-control disorders
  • Eating disorders
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
30
Q

describe antisocial personality disorder

A

a pattern of:
- disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others
- lack of empathy

31
Q

what changes in the brain is there for antisocial pd

A

Amygdala and hippocampus are smaller in the clinical group

32
Q

what evaluation is there for antisocial pd

A

PCL- psychopathy checklist

33
Q

describe histrionic pd

A

a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

34
Q

what is the comorbidity for histrionic pd

A
  • other personality disorders (eg borderline, narcissistic and dependant)
  • substance abuse
35
Q

what is the prevalence for histrionic pd

A

1.8%

36
Q

describe narcissistic pd

A

a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy

37
Q

what prevalence is there for narcissistic pd

A

up to 6.2%

38
Q

what comorbidity is there for narcissistic pd

A
  • Other personality disorders (especially histrionic, borderline, antisocial, and paranoid personality disorders).
  • Mood disorders
  • Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa
  • Substance abuse (especially cocaine)
39
Q

what did sigmund freud say about narcisism

A

There is a primary narcisism as a phase of
sexual development, and a secondary
narcisism characterized by megalomania.

40
Q

describe avoidant pd

A

A pervasive pattern of:
* Social inhibition and avoidance of social
interaction
* Feelings of inadequacy and inferiority
* Hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

41
Q

what is the prevalence for avoidant pd

A

2.4%

42
Q

what comorbidity is there for avoidant pd

A
  • Social phobia
  • Agoraphobia
  • Other personality disorders
  • Substance abuse
43
Q

describe dependent pd

A

A pervasive pattern of:
*Submissive and clinging behavior
related to an excessive need to be
taken care of

44
Q

what is the prevalence for dependent pd

A

0.5%

45
Q

what is the comorbidity for dependent pd

A
  • Other personality disorders
  • Substance abuse
46
Q

what risks is there for dependent pd

A
  • Parenting:
    – overprotectiveness
    – authoritarianism
  • Adverse or traumatic experiences
47
Q

describe obsessive-compulsive pd

A

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with:
* Orderliness
* Perfectionism
* Mental and interpersonal control

48
Q

what prevalence is there for obsessive-compulsive pd

A

up to 7.9%

49
Q

what comorbidity is there for obsessive-compulsive pd

A
  • OCD
  • Feeding and eating disorders
  • Asperger’s Syndrome
  • Other personality disorders
50
Q

what risks is there for obsessive-compulsive pd

A
  • Parenting:
    – High expectations
    – Too many rules
  • Adverse or traumatic experiences
51
Q
A

psykologi- madrid (7 decks)

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