personality disorders Flashcards
what is personality?
-A cluster of relatively predictable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that is generally consistent across time, space and context
-On a spectrum
what is included in the 5 factor model of personality?
-openness
-conscientiousness
-extraversion
-agreeableness
-neuroticism
when is it a disorder over a trait? (3)
It is a disorder only if it is:
-Pervasive (not just related to specific situations)
-causes distress and/or
-causes impairment or functioning in most areas
4 of:
-Excessive sensitivity to setbacks
-Tendency to bear grudges
-Suspiciousness & tendency to misconstrue the neutral/friendly actions of others as hostile/contemptuous
-A combative and tenacious sense of personal rights out of keeping with the actual situation
-Recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding sexual fidelity of partner
-Persistent self-referential attitude, associated particularly with excessive self-importance
-Preoccupation with unsubstantiated “conspiratorial” explanations of events in the world at large
DIAGNOSIS?
-paranoid PD
(rob + roger thinking the council is out to get him, falling out for not answering emails)
4 of:
-Excessive sensitivity to setbacks
-Tendency to bear grudges
-Suspiciousness & tendency to misconstrue the neutral/friendly actions of others as hostile/contemptuous
-A combative and tenacious sense of personal rights out of keeping with the actual situation
-Recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding sexual fidelity of partner
-Persistent self-referential attitude, associated particularly with excessive self-importance
-Preoccupation with unsubstantiated “conspiratorial” explanations of events in the world at large
4 of:
-Few, if any, activities provide pleasure
-Emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
-Limited capacity to express warm feelings for others as well as anger
-Indifferent to either praise or criticism of others
-Little interest in having sexual experiences with another person
-Almost always chooses solitary activities
-Excessive preoccupation with fantasy/introspection
-Neither desires, nor has, any close friends or confiding relationships (or only one)
-Marked insensitivity to prevailing social norms /conventions
DIAGNOSIS?
-schizoid PD
(similar to batman)
4 of:
-Few, if any, activities provide pleasure
-Emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
-Limited capacity to express warm feelings for others as well as anger
-Indifferent to either praise or criticism of others
-Little interest in having sexual experiences with another person
-Almost always chooses solitary activities
-Excessive preoccupation with fantasy/introspection
-Neither desires, nor has, any close friends or confiding relationships (or only one)
-Marked insensitivity to prevailing social norms /conventions
5 or more of:
-Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference)
-Odd beliefs or magical thinking, inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g. superstitious, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense”)
-Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions
-Odd thinking and speech (e.g. vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, elaborate, or stereotyped)
-Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
-Inappropriate or constricted affect
-Behaviour or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar
-Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives
-Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self
DIAGNOSIS?
-schizotypical PD
(willy wonka)
5 or more of:
-Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference)
-Odd beliefs or magical thinking, inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g. superstitious, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense”)
-Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions
-Odd thinking and speech (e.g. vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, elaborate, or stereotyped)
-Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
-Inappropriate or constricted affect
-Behaviour or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar
-Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives
-Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self
diagnosis?
3 of:
-Callous unconcern for feelings of others
-Irresponsible & disregard for social norms/rules/ obligations
-Incapacity to maintain enduring relationships, though no difficulty to establishing them
-Very low tolerance to frustration and low threshold for aggression/violence
-Incapacity to experience guilt, or to profit from adverse experience, particularly punishment
-Marked proneness to blame others
-Dissocial PD
(grinch)
3 of:
-Callous unconcern for feelings of others
-Irresponsible & disregard for social norms/rules/ obligations
-Incapacity to maintain enduring relationships, though no difficulty to establishing them
-Very low tolerance to frustration and low threshold for aggression/violence
-Incapacity to experience guilt, or to profit from adverse experience, particularly punishment
-Marked proneness to blame others
diagnosis?
3 of:
-Tendency to act unexpectedly, without consideration of consequences
-Quarrelsome behaviour and conflicts with others, especially when impulsive acts are thwarted/criticized
-Liability to outbursts of anger or violence
-Difficulty in maintaining any course of action that offers no immediate reward
-Unstable mood
-Impulsive PD (type of emotionally unstable personality disorder)
3 of:
-Tendency to act unexpectedly, without consideration of consequences
-Quarrelsome behaviour and conflicts with others, especially when impulsive acts are thwarted/criticized
-Liability to outbursts of anger or violence
-Difficulty in maintaining any course of action that offers no immediate reward
-Unstable mood
diagnosis?
3 of:
-Tendency to act unexpectedly, without consideration of consequences
-Quarrelsome behaviour and conflicts with others, especially when impulsive acts are thwarted/criticized
-Liability to outbursts of anger or violence
-Difficulty in maintaining any course of action that offers no immediate reward
-Unstable mood
Plus 2 of:
-Disturbances in and uncertainty about self-image, aims & internal preferences (including sexual)
-Intense and unstable relationships, often leading to emotional crises
-Excessive efforts to avoid abandonment
-Recurrent threats or acts of self-harm
-Chronic feelings of emptiness
-BPD (type of emotionally unstable PB)
3 of:
-Tendency to act unexpectedly, without consideration of consequences
-Quarrelsome behaviour and conflicts with others, especially when impulsive acts are thwarted/criticized
-Liability to outbursts of anger or violence
-Difficulty in maintaining any course of action that offers no immediate reward
-Unstable mood
Plus 2 of:
-Disturbances in and uncertainty about self-image, aims & internal preferences (including sexual)
-Intense and unstable relationships, often leading to emotional crises
-Excessive efforts to avoid abandonment
-Recurrent threats or acts of self-harm
-Chronic feelings of emptiness
diagnosis?
4 of:
-Self-dramatization, theatricality, or exaggerated expression of emotions
-Suggestible
-Shallow/labile affectivity
-Continually seeks excitement & activities in which the subject is the centre of attention
-Inappropriately seductive in appearance or behaviour
-Overly concerned with physical attractiveness
-Histrionic PD
(regina george)
4 of:
-Self-dramatization, theatricality, or exaggerated expression of emotions
-Suggestible
-Shallow/labile affectivity
-Continually seeks excitement & activities in which the subject is the centre of attention
-Inappropriately seductive in appearance or behaviour
-Overly concerned with physical attractiveness
(Regina George)
diagnosis?
5 of:
-A grandiose logic of self-importance
-A fixation with fantasies of infinite success, control, brilliance, beauty, or idyllic love
-A credence that he or she is extraordinary and exceptional and can only be understood by, or should connect with, other extraordinary or important people or institutions
-A desire for unwarranted admiration
-A sense of entitlement
-Interpersonally oppressive behaviour
-No form of empathy
-Resentment of others or a conviction that others are resentful of him or her
-A display of egotistical and conceited behaviours or attitudes
-Narcissistic PD
5 of:
-A grandiose logic of self-importance
-A fixation with fantasies of infinite success, control, brilliance, beauty, or idyllic love
-A credence that he or she is extraordinary and exceptional and can only be understood by, or should connect with, other extraordinary or important people or institutions
-A desire for unwarranted admiration
-A sense of entitlement
-Interpersonally oppressive behaviour
-No form of empathy
-Resentment of others or a conviction that others are resentful of him or her
-A display of egotistical and conceited behaviours or attitudes
diagnosis?
4 of:
* Feelings of excessive doubt and caution.
* Preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organisation or schedule.
* Perfectionism that interferes with task completion.
* Excessive conscientiousness and scrupulousness.
* Undue preoccupation with productivity to the exclusion of pleasure and interpersonal relationships.
* Excessive pedantry and adherence to social conventions.
* Rigidity and stubbornness.
Unreasonable insistence that others submit to exactly his or her way of doing things, or unreasonable reluctance to allow others to do things.
Anankastic PD
4 of:
* Feelings of excessive doubt and caution.
* Preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organisation or schedule.
* Perfectionism that interferes with task completion.
* Excessive conscientiousness and scrupulousness.
* Undue preoccupation with productivity to the exclusion of pleasure and interpersonal relationships.
* Excessive pedantry and adherence to social conventions.
* Rigidity and stubbornness.
Unreasonable insistence that others submit to exactly his or her way of doing things, or unreasonable reluctance to allow others to do things.
diagnosis of anxious PD?
4 of:
-Persistent pervasive feelings of tension/apprehension
-Belief that oneself is socially inept/inferior to others
-Excessive preoccupation about being criticized/rejected in social situations
-Unwillingness to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
-Restrictions in lifestyle because of need of security
-Avoidance of social or occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, because of fear of criticism, disapproval or rejection
diagnosis?
4 of:
-Encouraging or allowing others to make most of one’s important life decisions
-Subordination of one’s own needs to those of others on whom one is dependent, and undue compliance with their wishes
-Unwillingness to make even reasonable demands on the people one depends on
-Feeling uncomfortable or helpless when alone, because of exaggerated fears of inability to care for oneself.
-Preoccupation with fears of being left to take care of oneself
-Limited capacity to make everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice/reassurance
Dependant PD
4 of:
-Encouraging or allowing others to make most of one’s important life decisions
-Subordination of one’s own needs to those of others on whom one is dependent, and undue compliance with their wishes
-Unwillingness to make even reasonable demands on the people one depends on
-Feeling uncomfortable or helpless when alone, because of exaggerated fears of inability to care for oneself.
-Preoccupation with fears of being left to take care of oneself
-Limited capacity to make everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice/reassurance
Cluster A PD (odd and eccentric)?
-Paranoid PD
-Schizoid PD
-Schizotypical PF
